问题 单项选择题

人愉快时,面呈笑容,哀痛时放出悲声,这种内心情感也能在中国书法里表现出来,像在诗歌音乐里那样。中国的书法何以会有这种特点呢后汉大书法家蔡邕说:“凡欲结构字体,皆须像其一物,若乌之形,若虫食禾,若山若树,纵横有托,运用合度,方可谓书。”元代赵子昂写“子”字时,先习画鸟飞之形,使这“于”字有鸟飞形象的暗示。他写“为”字时,习画鼠形数种,穷极它的变化。可见这时候的“字”已不仅是一个表达概念的符号,而是一个表现生命的单位,书法家用字的结构来表达物象的结构和生气勃勃的动作。
由于中国古代的书法家要想使“字”也表现生命,成为反映生命的艺术,就须用他所有的方法和工具在字里表现出一个生命体的骨、筋、肉、血的感觉来。但在这里不是完全像绘画,直接模示客观形体,而是通过较抽象的点、线、笔画,使我们从感情和想象里体会到客观形象里的骨、筋、肉、血,就像音乐和建筑也能通过诉之于我们的情感及身体直感的形象来启示人类的生活内容和意义一样。书法家就是借着这些“字”的形象来暗示他自己对这些形象的感情。这些形象在他的书法里不是事物的刻画,而是情景交融的意境。
中国人写的字之所以能够成为艺术品,有两个主要因素:一是由于中国字的起始是象形的,二是中国人用的笔。由于中国字在起始的时候是象形的,这种形象化的意境在后来的“字体”里仍然潜存着,暗示着,在字的笔画里、结构里、章法里显示着形象里面的骨、筋、肉、血以至于动作的关联。所以,写字在古代的正确的称呼是“书”。书者如也,书的任务是如,写出的字要“如”我们心中对物象的把握和理解,用抽象的点画在表达自己的感情的同时反映出或暗示出自然界的各种形象。这种“国情生文,因文见情”的字就升华到艺术境界,具有艺术价值了。
第二个主要因素是笔。殷朝就有了笔,这个特殊的工具才使中国人的书法有可能成为一种世界上独特的艺术,也使中国画有了独特的风格。中国人的笔是把兽毛(主要用兔毛)捆缚起做成的。铺毫抽锋,极富弹性,所以巨细收纵,变化无穷。这是欧洲人用鹅管笔、钢笔、铅笔以及油画笔所不能比拟的。书法家就是运用这支笔创造了世界上独一无二的书法艺术,使中国的书法成为表达民族美感的工具。

“书者如也”中的“如”的意思和用法与下面哪一个“如”相同( )。

A.称心

B.一见

C.今不

D.数归还

答案

参考答案:A

解析:“书者如也”的“如”是指符合的意思,“称心如意”的“如”是符合的意思,“一见如故”的“如”是指好像的意思,“今不如昔”的“如”是指比得上的意思:“如数归还”的“如”是指依照的意思。

阅读理解

I know what you’re thinking: pizza(比萨饼)? For breakfast? But the truth is that you can have last night’s leftovers in the a.m. if you want to.

I know lots of women who skip breakfast (不吃早饭), and they have a ton of different excuses for doing it. Some say they don’t have time, others think they’re “saying” calories (卡路里),still others just don’t like breakfast food.学科But the bottom line is that eating in the morning is very important when you’re trying to lose weight .“Eating just about anything from 300 to 400 calories would be better than nothing at all,” says Katherine Brooking, R.D. ,  who developed the super-easy eating plan for this year’s “SELF CHALLENGE”. And even pizza can be healthy if it’s loaded with vegetables, and you stick to one small piece.学科Breakfast is one meal I never miss, and the same goes for most weight loss success stories. Research shows that eating breakfast keeps you from overeating later in the day. Researchers at the University of Southern California found that breakfast skippers have a bigger chance of gaining weight than those who regularly have a morning meal.

So eat something in the morning, anything. I know plenty of friends who end up having no breakfast altogether, and have just coffee or orange juice. I say, try heating up last night’s leftovers – it may sound crazy, but if it works for you, do it! I find if I tell myself, “You can always eat it tomorrow.” I put away the leftovers instead of eating more that night. Try it … you may save yourself some pre-bedtime calories. And watch your body gain the fat-burning effects.

小题1:The word “leftovers” in paragraph I probably means  ______.

A.food remaining after a meal

B.things left undone

C.meals made of vegetables

D.pizza topped with fruit小题2:What can we infer from the text?

A.Working women usually have breakfast in a hurry.

B.Many people have wrong ideas about breakfast.

C.There are some easy ways of cooking a meal.

D.Eating vegetables helps save energy.小题3:According to the last paragraph, it is important to _______.

A.eat something for breakfast

B.be careful about what you cat

C.heat up food before eating it

D.cat calorie-controlled food小题4:The text is written mainly for those _______.

A.who go to work early

B.who want to lose weight

C.who stay up late

D.who eat before sleep

单项选择题