影响美拉德反应的主要因素有哪些？如何加以控制，控制的意义，并举一例说明如何利用美拉德反应改善食品特性？
参考答案：
主要因素：羰基化合物种类，氨基化合物种类，PH值，反应物浓度，水分含量，温度，金属离子。控制制方法：将水分含量降到很低；如果是流体食品，可通过稀释、降低PH、降低温度或除去一种作用物（一般除去糖）；亚硫酸盐或酸式亚硫酸盐可以抑制美拉德反应；钙盐同氨基酸结合生成不溶性化合物而抑制褐变。意义：美拉德反应对食物的影响有人们期望与不期望的，调节美拉德反应对食物的影响，以达到人们预期目的。举例：美拉德反应产品能产生牛奶巧克力的风味。当还原糖与牛奶蛋白质反应时，美拉德反应产生乳脂糖、太妃糖及奶糖的风味
| 完形填空。 The famous fat and lazy cat Garfield (加菲猫) is coming to China. Garfield, the movie opens in cinemas around the country on Friday. In this American movie, Garfield acts with real actors. He __1__ trouble and dances like a star. He will make you __2__ with his clever and funny words. Drawn by American cartoonist Jim Davis since 1978, Garfield has fans __3__ over the world. He likes eating, sleeping and watching TV. He hates __4__ exercise! "I'm __5__ and fat. But I'm proud of it," he says. Garfield always sits in front of the TV eating lasagnas(烤宽面条), his __6__ dish. Sometimes, he's __7__ to his owner Jon Arbuckle. One day, Jon brings die, a __8__ dog, into his home. Odie is lovely. He gets all Jon's love. This turns Garfield's world upside down. Garfield wants the dog __9__ of the house, and his life. One night, he kicks Odie out of the house. But later Garfield finds that Odie has been kidnapped(绑架) by a TV star! The man wants to use the  dog in his shows. Garfield feels _10__ for Odie. He sees he has done something wrong. He wants to make up for it. | ||||
|