问题 问答题

学生掌握知识有哪几个阶段

答案

参考答案:在教师引导下的学生掌握知识的活动是教学过程中最基本的活动。而学生掌握知识又是按一个课题(或单元)、一个课题周而复始地进行的。学生学习的每一个课题都需要经历一个掌握知识的过程。学生掌握知识、技能的过程,一般包括以下几个阶段:
(1)引起求知欲
教学应从激起求知欲开始,从做好学习的心理准备开始。学习过程需要做好物质的、心理的、组织的和方法的准备。其中,主要是心理的准备,即引起学生的求知欲,使他们明确学习的课题、任务和要求。学生学习的积极性及其活动,产生于对知识的需要与追求。学生认识上产生了知与不知的矛盾,出现了求知的内在动力,主动地看书、感知实物、听教师讲解,开展积极的认识活动,去寻求正确的答案、科学的结论。
(2)感知教材
教材是一种系统的书本知识,是他人的实践经验。学生的学习主要是掌握书本知识。这种知识对学生来说是他人实践经验的总结。为了理解和掌握这种知识,必须有感性认识作基础。没有感性认识和大量的直接经验作为学习间接经验的基础,书本知识的学习就难以转化为学生自己的精神财富。
(3)理解教材
理解教材是教学过程的中心环节。为了使学生正确地进行思维,将书本知识与感性认识结合起来,转化为自己的精神财富,教师要善于运用比较、分析、综合等逻辑思维方法和归纳、演绎等逻辑推理形式,引导和组织学生的思维过程,并培养他们的逻辑思维能力。
(4)巩固知识
学生只有在理解的基础上市牢记住所学的基础知识,才能顺利地吸收新知识,自如地运用已有的知识。知识的巩固贯穿于教学过程的始终。学生对教材的感知、理解,对知识的实际运用,都对知识的巩固起着重要作用。但是,为了牢牢记住知识,防止遗忘,仍然需要做知识的巩固工作,这就是各种形式的复习。只有经过必要的复习,才能使知识在记忆中的痕迹得到强化,形成牢固的联系。
(5)运用知识
教学要重视运用知识,培养学生的技能技巧。学生通过运用知识于实际,可以形成技能、技巧,还可以检验所学知识,丰富直接经验,使认识深化,这对于他们进一步理解知识,牢固地掌握知识,提高分析问题和解决问题的能力,都具有重要意义。
理解知识和巩固知识是运用知识的基础,但是,理解不等于运用。牢固地掌握了知识不等于形成了运用知识的技能、技巧。要使学生从理解概念、掌握理论到运用知识于实际、形成技能技巧,单靠动脑来加深对知识的理解记忆不行,还要引导学生动口、动手,进行实际的练习或操作才能达到。因此,教师要注意引导学生运用知识,培养他们的基本技能和技巧。
(6)检查知识、技能和技巧
在教学中,学生掌握知识、技能与技巧的质量怎样,只有通过检查才能确定。检查学生知识、技能和技巧的掌握情况,主要是由教师负责进行,一般采取课堂提问、检查课内外各种作业和进行各种测验来进行。为了使学生能更好地掌握知识和提高自学能力,培养学生及时对所学知识作自我检查的能力和习惯是非常必要的。

阅读理解

When you get tired of homework, several minutes’ walk in a nearby green park helps you relax at once. Or you may stand facing the lake or the sea. They’ll calm (not to be excited or nervous) you just like the green plants.

Wonder why? Color is a key part of the answers. Since it is so, green and blue help make people feel more quiet and safe.

All colors have special power. Scientists have found that many colors have specific effects (效果) on people’s minds and feelings.

Try an easy and interesting experiment and you’ll see how color “misleads” you sometimes. Wrap (包装) two boxes of the same size with colored paper, one red and the other white. Then weigh the two boxes with your hands. Which one is heavier? Most people will think that the red box is heavier, even though they weigh the same.

Colors can affect (影响) learning. Scientists have found that students spend more time reading if they read information written in blue text. Blue helps most people calm down and think more.

Smart (clever) uses of colors in daily life are to be seen everywhere. Hospital and libraries seldom (很少) paint their walls, tables and desks red. They use light colors, like light blue or green. Red makes people excited while light colors help them relax. Haven’t worked out how color affects your daily life? Start with your small room. Try to make some changes in it and you’ll get to know how important color is!

小题1:The underlined word “misleads” means ______

A.affects

B.effects

C.causes someone to have a wrong idea

D.give wrong directions小题2: We’d better paint the walls of the hospital in ______

A.light blue or light green

B.deep red or deep brown

C.deep orange or deep red

D.light green or light yellow小题3: If you want to _______, you’d better sit in the room painted blue.

A.weigh something with your hands

B.study attentively

C.face the lake or the sea

D.enjoy some rock music小题4: Which of the following is NOT true?

A.When you are going to have a rest, you’d better sit in the room painted green

B.Scientists have known some differences among some colors

C.When you get tired of homework, you should look at the green plants far away

D.The passage has told us clearly why some colors are warm and other are cool小题5:The reading mainly shows us _____

A.the difference between red and white.

B.how to get on well with others

C.how to make smart uses of different colors in our daily life

D.how to paint and decorate our rooms

单项选择题