问题 材料题

阅读下列材料,回答问题。

材料一 就欧洲安全来说,在西方国家看来,北约在这方面的作用是其他组织或国家无法替代的。……1993年1月,美国商务部决定对来自包括欧共体在内的19个国家和地区的钢铁征收反倾销税,欧共体方面指责这一措施是美国“大规模地骚扰”国际钢铁市场的“最新措施”。……1994年,当美国不顾俄罗斯的反对而加速北约东扩时,法国总统希拉克明确表示反对,德国 * * 科尔也要求美国慎重行事。——张建华主编《世界现代史》

材料二 只有同欧洲既合作又竞争,才能在全球化中搞活日本的外交……通过同欧盟合作,给世界造成日本可以信赖的印象,这在外交上有利。……通过统计可以知道,在联合国的投票中,日本同欧洲一致的时候比同美国一致的时候多。——2002年日本《外交论坛》月刊7月号

材料三 1991年,(美国总统)布什指出:美国要“按照自己的价值观和理想建立一种新的国际体系”……“美国的基本价值观念要得到保存,并且要发扬光大”。“美国的责任不仅是保护我们的公民和我们的利益,而且还要帮助创造一个新世界,使我们的理想不但能生根,而且能开花结果,”——张建华主编《世界现代史》

请回答:

(1)据材料一指出20世纪90年代以来,西欧与美国矛盾的主要表现。结合所学知识简要分析产生矛盾的原因。

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(2)据材料二和所学知识指出,日本对欧洲为什么要“既合作又竞争”?

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(3)材料三中美国的外交目标是什么?这一目标能实现吗?试结合材料一、二加以说明。

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答案

(1)表现:出现贸易争端;围绕北约东扩产生分歧。原因:美欧要维护各自国家利益;欧洲日益走向联合,欧盟成立后,实力进一步加强,与美国竞争加剧。

(2)原因:日欧在国际事务中有许多共同利益,利于合作;日欧经济实力都不断增强,双方都互为竞争对手。谋求日本世界政治大国的地位。

(3)目标:建立以美国为主导的单极世界。不能。欧盟、日本等多个政治力量不断发展壮大,制约美国的企图(或各大政治力量之间相互制约)。

单项选择题

In the 1960s, the Pharmaceutical Company Sandoz marketed its tranquilizer Serentil with ads suggesting the drug be prescribed to "the newcomer in town who can’t make friends and the woman who can’t get along with her new daughter-in-law. The executive who can’t accept retirement." But the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) stopped the ads. Drugs are supposed to treat illnesses, the agency said, not the changes of living.
Isn’t that an unusual idea The FDA was worried back then about an overmedicated society. Today 7% of Americans are on antidepressants (many more have tried them), and ads try to persuade people to buy drugs for problems like fatigue, loneliness and sadness. Still, drug companies aren’t the (sole) villain. Horwitz, dean of social and behavioral sciences at Rutgers, and Wakefield, an expert on mental-illness diagnosis at New York University, persuasively argue that many instances of normal sadness are now misdiagnosed as depressive disorder. They also point out that the capacity to feel sad is an evolutionarily selected trait that we might not want to drug away.
We’ve been living in an age of sadness for at lease two decades. But while it’s tempting to blame our culture — fear of terrorists, too much caffeine — there’s a more straightforward explanation for the boom in sadness. In 1980, the American Psychiatric Association published a new definition of depression that was a radical departure from the old one, which had described "depressive neurosis" as "an excessive reaction of depression due to an internal conflict or to an identifiable event such as the loss of a love object." To be diagnosed with major depressive disorder today, you need have only five symptoms for two weeks, which can include depressed mood, weight gain, insomnia, fatigue and indecisiveness. The definition does make an exception for bereavement: if you recently lost a loved one, such symptoms are not considered disordered. But it doesn’t make exceptions for other things that make us sad — divorce or financial stress.
Still, is there anything wrong with medicating normal sadness if you don’t mind side effects Horwitz and Wakefield take no position on this. They point out that women giving birth take painkillers even though pain is a normal part of the process. But they also note that "loss responses are part of our biological heritage." Nonhuman primates separated from sexual partners or peers have physiological responses that correlate with sadness. Human infants express despair to evoke sympathy from others. These sadness responses suggest sorrow is genetic and that it is useful for attracting social support, protecting us from aggressors and teaching us that whatever prompted the sadness — say, getting fired because you were always late to work — is behavior to be avoided. This is a brutal economic approach to the mind, but it makes sense: we are sometimes meant to suffer emotional pain so that we will make better choices.

Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage as a symptom of major depressive disorder

A.( Inability to sleep

B.( Grief over death

C.( Weariness

D.( Weight gain

问答题 案例分析题