问题 阅读理解

阅读理解

          Dinner customs (习惯) are different around the world. If you are a guest in Ghana(加纳), this

information will help you a lot.

          In Ghana, dinner is usually from four in the afternoon to six in the evening. But there are no

strict rules (规则) about time. Whenever a guest arrives. a family offers food. When you go to a

home, the person who receives guests takes you to the living room first. At this time everyone

welcomes you. Then you go to the dinning room. There you wash your hands in a bowl of water.

All the food is on the table.

         In Ghana you usually eat with your fingers. You eat from the same dish as everyone else.

But you eat from one side of the dish only. It is not polite to get food from the other side of the

dish. After dinner, you wash your hands again in a bowl of water.

         Most meals in Ghana have a dish called fufu. People in Ghana make fufu from the powder

(粉末) of some plants. Sometimes they cut the fufu with a saw(锯子) because it is very hard.

You must chew (咀嚼) fufu well, or you may get sick. You eat fufu with the fingers of your right

hand only.

1. From the passage we know that in Ghana _______ .

A. the rules for dinner time are not strict

B. dinner is always at six in the evening

C. a family offers food only at four in the afternoon

D. people usually invite their guests to dinner late in the evening

2. If you are a dinner guest in Ghana, the host (主人) always takes you to _________ .

A. the dining room first

B. the living room first

C. the kitchen first

D. the garden first

3. People in Ghana usually eat _______ .

A. from one side of a dish to the other

B. from the other side of the dish

C. with their fingers

D. with their spoons

4. In fact, most dishes in Ghana _______ .

A. are cooked with the powder of some plants

B. have fufu in them

C. are too hard to eat

D. are not very hard

5. When you eat fufu, you'd better ________ .

A. cut it with a saw

B. use your right hand only

C. chew it well

D. all of the above

答案

1-5  A B C D D

单项选择题

现代西方美学,一反过去传统的哲学方法,而走向心理学美学与科学美学.心理学美学用科学方法研究人的审美心理,偏重于主体;科学美学则用科学方法分析审美对象的结构与功能,偏重于客体.但不管哪种方法,他们都认为对美的本质(美的定义)问题作无穷无尽的哲学上的思辨性探讨,没有什么意义.瑞恰兹在《意义的意义》一书中,考察了十六种传统美学对于美所作的哲学思考,他认为除了证明美的多义性和歧义性之外,再没有什么了,因而认为传统美学的方法是不科学的,应当抛弃.他采取了语言分析的方法,从美这个词的具体运用中,来探讨美的意义.这样,它就不再是半个玄学的幻影,而是一个约定俗成的词. 现代西方美学这一股否定美的浪潮,无疑有其时代的背景和世界性的影响.它使本来属于哲学范围的美学,向着科学靠近了一步.对于这一发展的倾向,哈·奥斯本曾经这样加以评价:它那审慎、实证、分析的作风标志着一种更为严密的研究趋势;它不愿作总的概括,却更为重视各门艺术如音乐、绘画、诗、戏剧等等的独特个性.它把兴趣集中在对各门艺术批评所用的概念结构上,分别从逻辑上加以澄清;并把所用的不同的评价标准弄清楚.与此相对照,建立一致性的东西,不是被视为不成熟的,就是被视为是危险的蒙昧主义.选种深入的研究,对于阐明一些特殊的问题,做出了显著的贡献,在分辨真假的争论中,也取得了某些进展.但是,从整个领域来看,它除了分解的方法外,在结论上并没有取得与之相称的结果.美学问题不仅是一个细节的分析问题,而且是一个关系到整个人类感情价值的问题.对于感情价值,单靠语义和结构的分析,单靠信息和符号,单靠解剖刀,是无济于事的.它归根到底,要在科学的心理学方法之上,诉之于哲学的玄想和沉思,诉之于人类的心灵.人类的心灵,包括已知和未知、局部和整体、现在和未来.科学所面对的,是已知、局部和现在的部分;哲学所面对的,则主要是未知、整体和未来的部分.人类的感情世界,其中主要是美和艺术的世界,是人类心灵中重要的组成部分,因此,要抛弃对于美和艺术的本质的哲学探讨,这是不可能的.

对哈·奥斯本的评价,理解有误的一项是_____.

A.现代西方美学注重实证分析,其作风是审慎的,研究比以往更为严密

B.现代西方美学重视审美对象的个性,并对各门类艺术批评分别加以澄清

C.现代西方美学反对研究的笼统与模糊,拒绝对各门艺术做出概括性论断

D.现代西方美学对艺术美一致性的研究是深入的,并在某些方面做出了贡献

单项选择题