问题 问答题

试分析“挤出效应”大小与IS曲线斜率的关系及其经济学含义。

答案

参考答案:在LM曲线保持不变时,IS曲线越平坦,财政政策对国民收入变动的影响就越小,即“挤出效应”较大;反之,IS曲线越陡峭,财政政策对国民收入变动的影响就越大。其经济学含义是:如果IS曲线越平坦,也就是投资需求的利率弹性绝对值越大,当扩张性财政政策使利率上升时,投资减少的越多,也就是挤出效应(Y2-Y1)越大,结果是均衡国民收入增加(Y1-Y0)的也就越少。反之,如果IS曲线越陡峭,也就是投资需求的利率弹性绝对值越小,当扩张性财政政策使利率上升时,投资减少的越少,也就是挤出效应(Y2′-Y1′)越小,结果是均衡国民收入(Y1′-Y0′)增加也就越多。

阅读理解

B

I believe that it is important to be brought up with a firm belief in the good. I was fortunate in this respect. My parents not only gave me a happy home, but they had me study half a dozen foreign languages and made it possible for me to travel in other countries. This made me more tolerant and helped me to bridge many difficulties in later life.

Soon after I got married, my husband and I left our native Czechoslovakia and went to live in Shanghai, China. Here was a really international city. People of all races and beliefs lived and worked together.

In Shanghai, in 1941, when I was only twenty years old, the doctors discovered that I had diabetes. It was a terrible shock, because diabetes is incurable. But it can be controlled by insulin (胰岛素). Although this drug was not manufactured in China, there were enough stocks of imported insulin available. This enabled me to continue a normal, happy life.

Then bombs fell on Pearl Harbor and the Japanese occupied Shanghai. The import of insulin was cut off. Before long, there was not enough for the diabetics. I was on a starvation diet to keep my insulin requirements as low as possible. Many diabetics had already died, and the situation became desperate. In spite of all this, I never stopped believing that with the help of my husband’s love and care, I would survive.

I continued to teach in Chinese schools. My faith and my husband’s never-ending efforts to get the manufacture of insulin started gave me courage. In his small laboratory the production of insulin was attempted. I served as the human guinea pig(实验品)on which it was tested. I’ll never forget the day when my husband gave me the first injection of the new insulin, which had worked on rabbits. It helped! Can you imagine our happiness and relief?

I received the greatest strength from the deep love and complete understanding between my husband and me. And next to that was the kindness and help of many, many friends of many nationalities. To me, the experience of living in Shanghai during the special times was unforgettable.

After the Second World War, my husband and I sailed to the Untied States, which is also known as a melt pot. Wherever we live, I believe, with faith and love, love between families and friends from different nationalities, we can make it our cherished home.

61. What can we know about the author?

A. She visited China before twenty.        B. She was given an unhappy home.

C. She got married in Czechoslovakia.      D. She could hardly tolerate her parents.

62. As a diabetic, the author could still live normally in 1941 because        .

A. she was able to buy enough insulin         B. she received good medical treatment

C. she was looked after by her husband      D. she was helped by people of different races

63. The underlined word “it” in Paragraph 5 refers to        .

A. a small rabbit    B. an ever lasting effort  C. the new insulin      D. the human guinea pig

64. How does the author feel about her stay in China?

A. Unbearable.       B. Unbelievable.    C. Unfortunate.   D. Unforgettable.

65. We can infer from the text that the author’s husband was        .

A. a doctor            B. a researcher  C. a teacher             D. a sailor    

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