问题 问答题

在“用DIS描绘电场的等势线”实验中,按图所示连接电路.在电极A、B的连线上等距离地取a、b、c、d、e 等5个基准点.将电压传感器的两个接线柱分别和两个探针相连接.当正接线柱的电势高于负接线柱时,读数为正.

(1)(多选题).对于该实验的认识与判断,下列说法中正确的是______

(A)实验是用恒定的电流场模拟静电场

(B)在实验过程中电极与导电纸的相对位置不能再改变

(C)若把电源电压提高到原来的2倍,则描绘得到的等势线形状与原来不同

(D)本实验无法画出相应的电场线

(2)若在图中连接电压传感器正接线柱的探针接触a点,连接负接线柱的探针接触b点时,读数为负,则可以判断电极A接在电源的______极上(选填“正”或“负”).

(3)若连接电压传感器的正负两个接线柱的探针分别接触a点和b点时示数为U1;分别接触b点和c点时示数为U2,则有|U1|______|U2|(选填“>”、“<”或“=”).

答案

(1)A、本实验的原理是利用恒定电流场模拟静电场.故A正确.

B、根据等量异种电荷等势线分布情况可知,等势线的分布情况与电荷的有关,本实验中两个电极相当于两个点电荷,所以在实验过程中电极与导电纸的相对位置不能再改变.故B正确.

C、等量异种电荷等势线的形状与两个点电荷的电荷量无关,若把电源电压提高到原来的2倍,则描绘得到的等势线形状与原来是相同的.故C错误.

D、将等势点连起来,可描绘出电场的等势线.故D错误.

故选AB

(2)根据题意,当正接线柱的电势高于负接线柱时,电压传感器的读数为正,则当电压传感器的读数为负时,可以知道a点的电势低于b的电势,则知电极A接在电源的负极.

(3)根据等量异种电荷电场线的分布情况得知,a、b间场强大于b、c间场强,根据U=Ed分析得知,a、b间的电势差大于b、c间的电势差.故有|U1|>|U2|

故答案为:(1)AB;(2)负;(3)>.

阅读理解

Well, Mrs Evans, I’ve done my best to look after David. I’ve tidied his room up every day, got him a meal together whenever he needed one and made sure he’s always had a clean shirt to put on. It’s not been easy, with two of my own to worry about, as well. David had the best of attention, I must say. But now because I asked him to give up bringing that American friend to his home he has got quite and unfriendly. He comes in at all hours and his behaviour—well, it’s quite hard to put up with—and it’s all because of this friend. I’m sure he’s a bad influence. You see, David is a visitor and doesn’t fully understand our ways.

He used to study most evenings. He’s got through quite a bit of work. He did up his room quite nicely, with bookshelves and large posters. He’d ask Mr Smith and me up for a drink and cheer us up with songs from his country. He’s very good at the guitar, you know.

I don’t want to appear as if I’m running after him, but it’s about time we made it up. I’m sure he’s upset because I blame him for that. It might be a good idea to take him out for a meal, perhaps even with his friend. I don’t know whether it will do any good but we can try. I’m glad I’ve had this little chat with you, Mrs Evans, and I’ll let you know how I get on.

小题1:David is          .

A.Mrs Smith’s pet

B.Mrs Smith’s son

C.a visiting student

D.a singer小题2:Mrs. Smith wants to make up(化解) the quarrel by _______.

A.cooking a meal

B.inviting David and his friend out

C.running after David

D.giving them drinks小题3:David’s present attitude to Mrs Smith is     .

A.very attentive

B.unfriendly

C.cheerful

D.excited

填空题