问题 问答题 论述题

试述邓 * * 关于“先富”和“共富”与“共富”思想的内容以及“先富”的关系。

答案

参考答案:

(1)邓 * * 的允许一部分地区和人民先富起来,最终实现共同富裕的思想包含三层含义:第一,允许一部分人先富起来,是从理论上和政策上否定把平均主义和社会主义混同起来的错误观念和政策;第二,先富起来的手段是诚实劳动和合法经营,不能用非法手段谋取暴利。第三,允许一部分人先富起来的目的是为了实现共同富裕,先富要帮助后富,不搞两极分化。(6分左右)

(2)一部分人先富起来,是实现共同富裕的必由之路。因为在带动人们走向共同富裕的过程中,它至少有这样几个作用:示范作用、帮助作用、带动作用。共同富裕是社会主义的目标,但又不能使全体人民同时同步实现同等程度的富裕,只能通过让一部分人通过诚实劳动和合法经营先富起来,逐步走向共同富裕。先富和共富是目标和手段、目的和途径的关系,不能把两者割裂开来。如果离开先富谈共富,在目前的生产力水平下,只能回到平均主义的老路上去,导致共同的贫穷;如果离开共富谈先富,就可能导致两极分化,偏离社会主义的目标。(9分左右)。

单项选择题 A3/A4型题
单项选择题

With the possible exception of equal rights, perhaps the most controversial issue across the United States today is the death penalty. Many argue that it is an effective deterrent (威慑) to murder, while others maintain there is no convincing evidence that the death penalty reduces the number of murders.

The principal argument advanced by those opposed to the death penalty. basically, is that Lt is cruel and inhuman punishment, that it is the mark of a brutal society, and finally that it is of questionable effectiveness as a deterrent to crime anyway.

In our opinion, the death penalty is a necessary evil. Throughout recorded history there have always been those extreme individuals in every society who were capable of terribly violent crimes such-as murder. But some are more extreme than others.

For example, it is one thing to take the life of another in a fit of blind rage, but quite another to coldly plot and carry out the murder of one or more people in the style of a butcher. Thus, murder, like all other crimes, is a matter of relative degree. While it could be argued with some conviction that the criminal in the first instance should be merely isolated from society, such should not be the fate of the latter type murderer.

The value of the death penalty as a deterrent to crime may be open to debate. But the over whelming majority of citizens believe that the death penalty protects them. Their belief is reinforced by evidence which shows that the death penalty deters murder. For example, from 1954 to 1963, when the death penalty was consistently imposed in California, the murder rate remained between three and four murders for each 100000 population. Since 1964 the death penalty has been imposed only once, and the murder rate has risen to 10.4 murders for each 100000 population. The sharp climb in the state’s murder rate, which began when executions stopped, is no coincidence (巧合). It is convincing evidence that the death penalty does deter many murderers. If the bill reestablishing the death penalty is vetoed (否决), innocent people will be murdered— some whose lives may have been saved if the death penalty were in effect. This is literally a life or death matter. The lives of thousands of innocent people must be protected.

It can be inferred that the author thinks that ().

A. the veto of the bill reestablishing the death penalty is of little importance

B. the value of the death penalty as a deterrent to crime is not to be debated

C. the death penalty is the most controversial issue in the United States today

D. the second type murderers (in Para. 4) should be sentenced to death