问题 多项选择题

2004年7月17日,“扬威号”货轮由大连港驶往广州港。7月20日,接近上海港时遭遇海上风暴,其间货轮结构遭到严重破坏,若继续保持原载重航行可能有沉没危险。为保证船体安全,船长下令将通达公司托运的20箱货物抛人海中,避免了沉没的危险,但船舶航行系统已不能正常运行。在另一艘货轮“天翔号”的救助下,“扬威号”驶入上海港避难3天,整修后继续驶往广州港,7月25日又遭遇强风浪,船舱内进水导致亚迪公司的部分货物受潮变质。进行理算时,各方就损失承担问题发表了以下意见,其中哪些是合理的( )

A.通达公司的20箱货物损失属于共同海损,应由相关各方共同分担;亚迪公司的损失属于单独海损,由其自己承担

B.救助费用属于共同海损,应由各方分担

C.在上海港停留期间的整修、港口费等—应费用属于船方保证适航义务的必要措施,应由船方自己承担

D.如若相关各方欲就损失分担提起请求,应于理算结束之日起180日内向人民法院提起

答案

参考答案:A,B

解析:[考点] 共同海损的理算
共同海损,是指在同一海上航程中,船舶、货物和其他财产遭遇共同危险,为了共同安全,有意地合理地采取措施所直接造成的特殊牺牲、支付的特殊费用。共同海损的要件包括,(1)船货共同危险,(2)有意措施;(3)合理措施;(4)直接、特殊的牺牲和费用。通达公司20箱货物的损失是为了避免受损船只不能负载原重而发生的合理费用,符合共同海损的标准;亚迪公司的货物损失并不涉及船只本身的危险,因而属于应当自己承担的单独海损。因此A项是正确的。
《海商法》第194条规定,船舶因发生意外、牺牲或者其他特殊情况而损坏时,为了安全完成本航程,驶入避难港口、避难地点或者驶回装货港口、装货地点进行必要的修理,在该港口或者地点额外停留期间所支付的港口费,船员工资、给养,船舶所消耗的燃料、物料,为修理而卸载、储存、重装或者搬移船上货物、燃料、物料以及其他财产所造成的损失、支付的费用,应当列入共同海损。B选项中的救助费用属于共同海损,应当由各受益方分担,故B项正确。在上海港避难期间发生的费用虽然是船方为保证适航所必需的,但根据法律规定也应由各方共同承担,故C项错误。
《海商法》第263条规定,有关共同海损分摊的请求权,时效期间为1年,自理算结束之日起计算。本条属于识记内容,D项误作180日,不能入选。

阅读理解

阅读理解。

     Sometimes, something that is considered to be negative turns out to be an advantage on the job. Though

he is only l8 years old and blind, Suleyman Gokyigit is among the top computer technicians and programmers

at InteliData Technologies Corp., a large software company with several offices across the United States.

     "After our company united with another one last October, two different computer networks were driving

us crazy," recalls Douglas Braun, the InteliData president. "We couldn't even send e-mail to each other." In

three weeks Mr Gokyigit created the software needed to connect the two networks. "None of the company's

350 other employees could have done the job in three months," says Mr. Braun. "Suleyman can 'see' into the

heart of the computer."

     Mr. Gokyigfi's gift, as Mr. Braun calls it, is an unusual ability to form an idea of the inside of a machine.

"The computer permits me to reach out into the world and do almost anything I want to do," says Mr. Gokyigit.

     The young programmer is at home with hardware as well, thanks partly to a highly developed sense of

touch. Mitzi Nowakowski, an office manager at InteliData, remembers how he easily disconnected and

reconnected their computer systems during a move last year. "Through feel, Suleyman can find the position

of connectors, pins and wires much faster than most other people with sight," he says.

     Much of the student programmer's speed comes from his ability not to be interrupted while at the computer.

When typing, he listens carefully to the synthesizer (合成器). His long, thin fingers fly over the keyboard.

"Nothing seems to shake his attention," says Mrs. Nowakowski, his boss.

     Mr. Gokyigit is the only company employee who is available (可找到的) 24 hours a day. "We consider him

our top problem solver." says Mr. Braun.

1. According to Mr. Braun, Suleyman _____.

A. can work wonders on computer

B. is the best technician in the world

C. has done a hard job in three months

D. has united InteliData Technologies Corp. with another computer company

2. The underlined part "is at home with hardware" (paragraph 4) means _____.

A. is good at dealing with computer hardware

B. is fond of computer hardware

C. works with computer hardware at home

D. feels comfortable when working with computer hardware

3. Suleyman was quick while at the computer mostly because of _____.

A. his blindness

B. his attention on the synthesizer

C. his long, thin fingers

D. his ability not to be interrupted

4. Suleyman was quick while at the computer mostly because of _____.

A. his blindness

B. his attention on the synthesizer

C. his long, thin fingers

D. his ability not to be interrupted

单项选择题