问题 问答题 简答题

试论社会保障的资金来源与筹资模式。

答案

参考答案:

社会保障的资金来源主要有两种方式:一是由取得工资收入职工和职工的雇主各交纳一半的社会保障税;二是财政支出中的转移性支出资金。第一种方式的透明度更高一些,而且可以根据社会保障的现状与发展,作出统筹安排,有益于事业的连续性。

社会保障资金的筹集方式,大体上有以下三种:

(1)现收现付制:指社会保障完全靠当前的收入满足当前的支出,不为以后年度的保险支出作资金储备。其特点是:在社会保险开始实施时,保险费率比较低,但随着社会保险事业的不断发展,其收入要随支出水平平均上升幅度经常作出调整。

(2)完全基金制:是指为社会保险设立一种基金,这项基金在数量上能够今后向投保人支付保险津贴的需要。

其特点是:投保人的缴费水平可以在相当长的时间内保持稳定不变,从而可以避免缴费水平随着保险支出增加而不断调整,但这种制度要求在实施社会保险初期实行较高的缴费率,以建立基金。

(3)部分基金制:是指缴费水平在满足一定阶段支出需要的前提下,留有一定储备。其特点是:根据分阶段平衡的原则调整缴费率,缴费率在保险举办初期较低,以后随着支出的提高分阶段提高。

阅读理解

Sally was a student. It was going to be her mother’s birthday. She wanted to buy her a present that would be nice and useful but not expensive.

A week before her mother’s birthday, she went shopping after a quick and simple lunch. When she had been looking for half an hour, she found a shop that was selling cheep umbrellas(伞), and decided to take a black one, since her mother had lost hers the month before.

She thought, “You could carry that when you are wearing clothes of any color.” So she decided to buy a lovely black umbrella and took it back to school with her until her classes had finished.

On her way back home in the train that evening, she felt hungry because she had such a small lunch that she went along to the buffet car(餐车) for another sandwich and cup of coffee. She had left the black umbrella above her seat in the compartment(车厢), but when she got back, it had gone! When she had left the compartment, there had been no other passengers(乘客) in it, but now there were three.

Sally began to cry when she saw that the umbrella was no longer there. The other passengers felt very sorry for her and asked what the matter was. She told them that the black umbrella she had bought for her mother was gone, and that she had to get out at the next station. After the three other passengers heard it, they asked her for her mother’s address so that they could sent the umbrella to her if someone had taken it by mistake and brought it back after Sally had got out of the train.

The next week, Sally heard from her mother. It said, “Thank you very much for your lovely presents, but why did you send me three black umbrellas?”

小题1:Which of the following is the best for the sentence “You could carry that when you are wearing clothes of any color?”

A.You can carry it when you are wearing any clothes.

B.Any color of your clothes will be all right.

C.The umbrella will be OK for your clothes in any colors.

D.You can take any clothes that you like to wear.小题2:What does the story infer(推断)?

A.Her mother would write to her if she didn’t receive the presents.

B.The three umbrella were sent by the girl.

C.Only four people had ever been to the compartment.

D.Nobody brought the umbrella back.小题3:How many umbrellas did Sally’s mother get at last?

A.No.

B.Only one.

C.Three.

D.Four.小题4:The best name of the story is ________.

A.A Lucky Girl

B.The Missing Umbrella

C.A Happy Mother

D.Mother’s Present小题5:What does the writer want to tell us?

A.You should take care of your things when you are traveling.

B.Show your love to others, and they will bring you love.

C.Children should often come back to see their parents.

D.It’s no use crying when you are in trouble.

单项选择题