问题 单项选择题

使肿瘤细胞不能从外界获得其生长所必需的氨基酸

A.亚叶酸钙
B.地塞米松
C.昂丹司琼
D.氟他米特
E.L-门冬酰胺酶

答案

参考答案:E

解析: 本组题考查抗癌药物的相关知识。
亚叶酸钙主要用于高剂量甲氨蝶呤等叶酸拮抗剂的解救。甲氨蝶呤的主要作用是与二氢叶酸还原酶结合,阻断二氢叶酸转变为四氢叶酸从而抑制DNA的合成。亚叶酸钙进入体内后,通过四氢叶酸还原酶转变为四氢叶酸,能有效地对抗甲氨蝶呤引起的毒性反应,但对已存在的甲氨蝶呤神经毒性则无明显作用。
地塞米松能稳定机体溶酶体,对过敏反应如荨麻疹、皮疹、过敏性充血、水肿等病理变化有抑制作用,能消除白细胞在细胞间质的积聚,致淋巴细胞耗竭,防止中性粒细胞移向炎症部位。
氟他米特为非甾体类抗雄激素药物。除抗雄激素作用外,本品无任何激素的作用。其代谢产物小羟基氟他胺是其主要活性形式,能在靶组织内与雄激素受体结合,阻断二氢睾丸素(雄激素的活性形式)与雄激素受体结合,抑制靶组织摄取睾丸素,从而起到抗雄激素作用,抑制雄激素对前列腺生长的刺激作用。临床用于前列腺癌或良性前列腺肥大。
L-门冬酰胺是重要的氨基酸,某些肿瘤细胞不能自行合成,须从细胞外摄取,特别是急性淋巴细胞白血病,而L-门冬酰胺酶可将血清中的门冬酰胺水解,导致肿瘤细胞缺乏门冬酰胺供应,阻滞生长。
昂丹司琼的药理作用:本品是一种选择性的5-羟色胺3(5-HT3)受体拮抗剂。其作用机理尚可能是通过拮抗外周迷走神经末梢和中枢化学感受区中的5-HT3受体,从而阻断因化疗和手术等因素促进小肠嗜铬细胞释放5-羟色胺,兴奋迷走传入神经而导致的呕吐反射。本品选择性较高,无锥体外系反应、过度镇静等副作用。用于由白细胞毒性药物化疗和放射治疗引起的恶心呕吐,也适用于预防和治疗手术后的恶心呕吐。

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完形填空

阅读下面短文并回答问题,然后将答案写到答案纸相应的位置上(请注意题后的词数要求)。

[1]While mankind has always been seeking beauty, standards for the abstract thing have been changing constantly throughout history.

[2]Walk around an art museum and you’re likely to see lost of fat female images in the artwork, For many centuries, being thin meant that you were ugly and poor-you didn’t have enough food to eat and you spent your days working in the fields, Being full-figured, on the other hand, was a symbol of       .Today, while plenty of experts will point out that pictures of models and famous people are beautified and Barbie has an impossible-to-achieve figure, both men and women seek to be thin, sometimes through disordered eating ,unhealthy amounts of exercise and operation.

[3] Make-up is another thing to which many women today are addicted, Ancient

Egyptians, Greeks and Romans loved make-up, However, these early civilizations were exceptions to the rule, as make-up was mostly avoided in the centuries following Queen Victorna went so far as to call all make-up rulgar(粗俗的)in a public speech, and modesty was the leading beauty trend for many years, But thanks to the introduction of movies, make-up came back in a big way .Today, it is a billion-dollar industry.

[4]Though beauty might seem like a visual thing, smells also play a big role. Just imagine this: if a supermodel didn’t shower for months at a time, would we still consider her beautiful? Being clean is essential for anyone to be considered beautiful, but that would certainly surprise the generations of people who never bathed, They were concerned that wearing no clothes was immoral and the devil(魔鬼)would catch them during their bath, Now many of us can hardly go a day without taking a shower or bath, Additionally, in an effort of appearing more attractive, many of us try to smell like baby powder, flowers and fruits with the help of perfume.

小题1:What is the main idea of the text?(no more than 8 words)[

小题2:Fill in the blank in Paragraph 2 with proper words.(no nore than 4 words)

小题3:What methods do some people try to be thin according to the text?(no more than 9 words)

小题4:What does the word “it” (Line6,Paragraph3)probably refer to?(no more than 2 words)

小题5:Which paragraph might the following sentence belong to?

People worried that bathing could lead to serious illness.

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