Is a mouse that can speak acceptable? How about a dog with human hands or feet? Scientists, the people with the know-how to make such things happen, are now thinking about whether such experiments are morally right or not.

On Nov. 10, Britain’s Academy of Medical Sciences launched a study on the use of animals with human materials in scientific research. The work is expected to take at least a year, but its leaders hope it will lead to guidelines for scientists in Britain and around the world on how far they can go mixing human genes into animals in search of ways to fight human diseases.

“Do these constructs (构想) challenge our idea of what it is to be human?” asked Martin Bobrow, a professor of medical genetics at Cambridge University and chair of a 14-member group looking into the issue. “It is important that we consider these questions now so that appropriate boundaries are recognized.”     

Using human material in animals is not new. Scientists have already created monkeys that have a human form of the Huntingdon’s gene so they can study how the disease develops; and mice with livers (肝) made from human cells are being used to study the effects of new drugs.

However, scientists say the technology to put ever greater amounts of human genetic material into animals is spreading quickly around the world --- raising the possibility that some scientists in some places may want to go further than is morally acceptable.

Last year in Britain there was a lively debate over new laws allowing the creation of human-animal embryos (胚胎) for experiments. On one side of the debate were religious groups, who claimed that such science interferes with nature. Opposing them were scientists who pointed out that such experiments were vital to research cures for diseases.

The experts will publish reports after the end of the study, in which they will give definitions for animal embryos with human genes or cells, look at safety and animal welfare issues, and consider the right legal framework to work within. 

72. What does the underlined word “they” in Paragraph 2 refer to?

A. Scientists in Britain and around the world.                

B. Leaders of the research.

C. Guidelines for scientists.                         

D. Scientific experiments.

73. Scientists do research of mixing human genes into animals in order to ____.

A. test new drugs on animals

B. to find ways to fight human diseases

C. prove the research is morally acceptable

D. create monkeys and mice with livers made from human cells

74. We can infer from the passage that ____.

A. the experts will release reports after the study

B. scientists have never doubted the use of animals with human materials

C. the creation of human-animal embryos for experiments is legal in Britain

D. religious groups hold that cures for diseases have to be done through experiments

75. What would be the best title of the passage?

A. Morally right or not?                   B. A debate about new laws

C. Cures for diseases                      D. Animal embryos with human genes

How do you address(称呼) people in English when you want to talk to them? The following may be some simple rules the beginners should follow.

1. When talking to strangers there is often no special form of address in English. Usually, if you want to catch the attention of a stranger it is necessary to use such phrases as “Excuse me”.

2. In British English “Sir” and “Madam” are considered to be too formal for most situations. They are used mostly to customers in shops or restaurants. While in American English “Sir” and “Madam” are not so formal and are commonly used between strangers, especially with old people whose names you don’t know.

3. When you talk to some people you know, you can use their names. If you are friends, use their first names; if your relationship is more formal, use “Mr., “Mrs.”, “Ms”, etc, before their family names.

4. There are many other forms of address which can be used between friends and strangers. However, many of these are limited in use. For example, “pal” and “mate” can be used between strangers, but are usually only used by men talking to other men.

小题1: According to the passage, “Excuse me” is mainly used to _____.

A．address a person you don’t know

B．apologize to others

C．catch the attention of a stranger

D．suggest good manners小题2: If John Smith is your best friend, according to the passage you should often call him _____.

A．John

B．Smith

C．Mr. John

D．Mr. Smith小题3:Which of the following is NOT true?

A．“Sir” and “Madam” are used more often in America than in England.

B．People often use “Mr.”, “Mrs.” or “Ms.” before the first names of those people who they don’t know very well.

C．“Pal” and “mate” are usually only used among men.

D．While addressing friends, people just use their first names.小题4:The passage is mostly likely taken from an English _____.

A．textbook

B．card

C．storybook

D．grammar book