问题 解答题

如图为家鸽的呼吸系统结构示意图:

(1)如图中②所示的结构是______.

(2)当家鸽飞行时,每呼吸一次,气体两次经过图中数字______所示的结构并在其中进行气体交换,这种呼吸方式称为______.这是家鸽对______生活方式的一种适应.

(3)请你再举出4种家鸽适于飞行的特点:

a______;b______;

c______;d______.

答案

(1)图中①气管,②气囊,③肺,(2)家鸽的体内有许多②气囊,这些气囊与③肺相通,在飞行时,当两翼举起气囊扩张,外界的气体进入肺和气囊,在肺内进行一次气体交换.当两翼下垂时,气囊收缩,气囊里的气体进入肺完成第二次气体交换后排出体外,所以每呼吸一次进行气体交换两次.这样的呼吸方式叫双重呼吸,双重呼吸是鸟类特有的呼吸方式,它提高了气体交换的效率.即进行气体交换的部位是肺,气囊只是起辅助呼吸的作用.双重呼吸方式可以供给家鸽充足的氧气.这是对空中飞行生活的适应.

(3)鸟类与飞行生活相适应的特点:家鸽的身体呈流线型可减小飞行时的阻力;前肢变成翼,翼是飞行器官;体内有发达的气囊,辅助肺完成双重呼吸,可以为飞行提供充足的氧气;有的骨中空,有的骨愈合在一起,胸骨突出,附着着发达的胸肌,利于牵动两翼完成飞行动作.鸟的食量大,消化能力强,直肠很短,粪便随时排出体外,能减轻飞行时的体重,利于飞行.因此除了上述特点外,A.形态特征如身体呈流线型;B.结构特征如:长骨中空,充满空气可减轻体重,便于飞行;胸肌发达,有龙骨突,利于家鸽飞行等等.

故答案为:(1)气囊;(2)③;双重呼吸;空中飞行;(3)身体呈流线型;前肢变成翼;长骨大都中空;胸肌发达等.

阅读理解

阅读理解。

     Lake Chelan National Recreation Area

     2105 State Route 20

     Sedro-Woolley, WA 98284  

     (360)856-5700  

     This is a fee-free park located on the banks of Lake Chelan, one of the deepest lakes in the

United States. The island that makes up this park is easy to reach only by boat. You can go there

from the nearby town of Chelan by shuttle (往返) boats. On the island, shuttle buses take campers

to Stehekin Valley. This area is extremely popular with backpackers, fishermen, boaters and hikers.

     Chopaka Lake

     915 N. Walla Walla

     Wenatchee, WA 98801

     (509)665-2100

     There’s a 10-acre campground at Chopaka Lake, a beautiful place to put up the tent. Chopaka

Lake is actually situated at the top of Chopaka Mountain. The view is unforgettable!Hiking trails

(小路) pass through a Mountain Wilderness Study Area and through the Okanogan highlands.

There is no fee for camping.

Fort Ebey State Park

    (800)452-5687

     There are 645 acres at Fort Ebey State Park. Once home to a coastal defense (海岸防卫)

fort for the Puget Sound area, this former fort is also filled with things to see and do from days gone

by. It includes 53 campsites, restrooms and showers, beach access, 24 picnic sites and three miles

of hiking trails. If you’re looking for a very enjoyable experience with a taste of the past, then this is

the park for you.

     Olympic National Park 

     600 East Park Ave.

     Port Angeles, WA 98362

     (360)452-0330

     This National Park is picture-postcard (优美的)!Beautiful beaches, lots of surf, several lakes

and a rain forest make up this area. You’ll be able to enjoy 63 miles of coastline here and hike as

much as 600 miles of trails. There is only a small fee for the campsites here.

1. How do you get to Stehekin Valley if you are on the island?

A. By bus.

B. By boat.      

C. By train.

D. On foot.

2. To enjoy the beautiful mountain scenery, you can go to _____.

A. Lake Chelan National Recreation Area      

B. Chopaka Lake

C. Olympic National Park                

D. Fort Ebey State Park    

3. If you want to learn more about the defense system along the coast, you can dial _____.

A. (360)452-0330  

B. (360)856-5700  

C. (509)665-2100  

D. (800)452-5687  

4. Which of the following is TRUE about Olympic National Park?

A. It is a park at the top of a mountain.  

B. It is made up of many large lakes.

C. You have to spend a little money to visit it.

D. You can know something about the past

多项选择题