问题 问答题

阅读下面几段文字,分析清末《钦定宪法大纲》的实质。“大清皇帝统治大清帝国,万世一系,永永尊戴。”“君上神圣尊严,不可侵犯。”(《钦定宪法大纲》)“立法、行政、司法则皆总揽于统治大权,故一言以蔽之,宪法者所以巩固君权,兼以保护臣民者也。”(《钦定宪法大纲》)

答案

参考答案:答案要点: (1)《钦定宪法大纲》是清王朝于1908年颁布的宪法文件。由宪政编查馆编订,1908年8月公布。制定“宪法大纲”是清政府“预备立宪”的一个步骤,《钦定宪法大纲》也成为中国历史上的第一个宪法性文件。(3分) (2)《钦定宪法大纲》共23条,分为正文“君上大权”和附录“臣民权利义务”两部分。“君上大权”的内容有:一是皇帝行使对帝国的最高统治权,神圣不可侵犯;二是皇帝行使最高行 * * ,召集和解散议会之权,总揽司法权;三是皇帝拥有统帅陆海军的权利和外交权。(2分)第二部分为“附录”,规定了臣民纳税、服兵役、遵守法律诸项义务以及抄自日本宪法中的一些臣民权利。但对于每项臣民权利,均以“在法律范围内”作为限制语,并规定“皇帝得以诏令限制臣民之自由”。(2分1) (3)《钦定宪法大纲》无论在结构形式上还是条文内容上,都体现了“大权统于朝廷”的精神。其最突出的特点就是皇帝专权,人民无权。其实质在于给封建君主专制制。度披上“宪法”的外衣,以法律的形式确认君主的绝对权力。因此,《钦定宪法大纲》颁布后即遭到普遍的反对和批评。(3分)

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In February 2006, Lydia Angyiou and her two sons were walking through their village in northern Canada.The sound of children shouting made her turn around.To her horror, Lydia saw  a 700-pound polar bear behind her eyeing her seven-year-old son.Getting between the bear and her child, Lydia yelled at the children to run away.She then began hitting and kicking the animal as hard as she could.A neighbor who heard all the noise came and shot the bear.But everyone agreed it was Lydia who had saved her children's lives.A local policeman described it this way: “…I guess when your back is up against the wall…we come up with super-human strength.”

Where does this “super-human strength”,courage and quick thinking come from? Experts say it comes from stress! In stressful situations, the body releases chemicals that prepare it to take action.These chemicals give people the speed and strength they need to fight danger or run away from it.

When we think of stress, we usually think of its negative effects.Studies, though, show that moderate levels of stress are actually helpful.In fact, the way we perform is usually affected by the amount of stress we feel.

Stress causes the brain to release adrenaline(肾上腺素)which in turn increases our energy and excitement.The chemical gives us clearer minds and helps us to do more.This is why some people say they work better under a deadline.

Adrenaline that is not released for long periods of time can cause us to increase and strengthen our abilities instead of weakening them.We sometimes turn out our very best work when we push ourselves to the limit.Stress can also make us more confident.Handling small amounts of stress now prepares us for handling serious situations in the future.Who knows? Today's stress may even prepare for the next polar bear that comes along!

小题1:In the first paragraph, the case of Lydia Angyiou is mentioned to ______.

A.introduce the topic to be followed

B.praise Lydia Angyiou for her bravery

C.remind us of the unexpected danger of life

D.show the importance of super-human strength小题2:What does the policeman probably mean by saying "your back is up against the wall"?

A.You are helped.

B.You are inspired.

C.You are confident.

D.You are cornered.小题3:What would be the best title for the passage?

A.Brave Mother

B.The Cause of Stress

C.The Benefit of Stress

D.Super-human Strength