问题 阅读理解与欣赏

阅读下面的文字,完成1 ~4 题。

尚志斋说

[元]虞集

          亦尝观射乎?正鹄者,射者之所志也。于是良尔弓,直尔气,蓄尔力,正尔身,守尔法,而临之。挽必圆,视必审,发必决,求中乎正鹄而已矣。正鹄之不立,则无专一之趣乡,则虽有善器、强力,茫茫然将安所施哉?况乎弛焉以嬉,嫚焉以发,初无定的,亦不期于必中者,其君子绝之,不与为偶,以其无志也。善为学者,苟知此说,其亦可以少警矣乎!

         夫学者之欲至于圣贤,犹射者之求中夫正鹄也。不以圣贤为准的而学者,是不立正鹄而射者也。志无定向,则泛滥茫洋,无所底止,其不为妄人者几希!此立志之最先者也。

         既有定向,则求所以至之之道焉,尤非有志者不能也。是故从师取友,读书穷理,皆求至之事也。于是平居无事之时,此志未尝慢也;应事接物之际,此志未尝乱也;安逸顺适,志不为丧;患难忧戚,志不为慑;必求达吾之欲至而后已。此立志始终不可渝者也。

        是故志苟立矣,虽至于圣人可也。昔人有言日:“有志者,事竞成。”又日:“用志不分,乃凝于神。”此之谓也。志苟不立,虽细微之事,犹无可成之理,况为学之大乎!昔者夫子以生知天纵之资,其始学也,犹必日志,况吾党小子之至愚极困者乎?其不可不以尚志为至要至急也,审矣。

        今大司寇之上士浚仪黄君之善教子也,和而有制,严而不离。尝遣济也受业于予,济也请题其斋居以自励,因为书“尚志”二字以赠之。他日暂还其乡,又来求说,援笔书所欲言,不觉其烦也。济也,尚思立志乎哉。

        (选自《古文鉴赏辞典》)

        [注] ①正鹄,靶心。鹄,读g ǔ。

1.下列句子中,加粗词的解释不正确的一项是( )

A.亦观射乎     尝:曾经

B.有志者,事成     竟:终究、到底

C.因为书“志”二字以赠之   尚:崇尚、重视

D.其君子绝之,不与为     偶:配偶、伴侣

2.下列各组选项中都能体现“尚志”的一组是(     )

①则虽有善器、强力,茫茫然将安所施哉

②其君子绝之,不与为偶,以其无志也

③有志者,事竟成

④用志不分,乃凝于神

⑤济也请题其斋居以自励

⑥志苟不立,虽细微之事,犹无可成之理

A.①③⑤

B.②③⑤

C.③④⑤

D.②④⑥

3.下列对文章内容的分析、理解和概括,错误的一项是(     )

A.作者认为学习必须要有坚定的志向,否则,就像学射箭没有“正鹄”一样,“虽有善器、强力”也不会取得高深的成就。

B.在作者看来,学习的人想要成为圣贤,就好像射箭者想要射中箭心。不以圣贤作为目标而学习的人,就是不确立靶心来射箭的人。

C.文章强调了志向的重要,因为一个人如果没有志向,那么即使做再简单的事情,他也是难以成功的。

D.本文通篇运用举例论证和对比论证两种论证方法,阐述了做学问立志的重要性和必要性。

4.把文言文阅读材料中画横线的句子翻译成现代汉语。

(1)志无定向,则泛滥茫洋,无所底止,其不为妄人者几希!

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

(2) 昔者夫子以生知天纵之资,其始学也,犹必曰志,况吾党小子之至愚极困者乎?

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

答案

1.D

2.C

3.D

4.(1)志向如果失去明确的方向,就会泛滥盲目,没有标准,想要不成为妄人,大概很少见吧。

(2)以前孔夫子具有天生智慧的资质,开始学习时,还一定要谈到志向,何况我们这样的极蠢极笨的后辈小人呢?(意对即可)

完形填空
One Saturday afternoon, Kate went to buy something for her sister and herself.
As Kate was coming out of a____, a young lady walked towards her. She said she was Miss Green --- a good friend of Kate’s sister. Kate believe her. Then she called a taxi to send Kate home. She told the driver where she should go. Kate was _____ that it was not in the direction of her home.
“ Why?” Kate asked. The lady smiled.
When they came to a quiet road, a big rough man appeared on the road. He stopped the taxi driver, knocked him down, and threw him out of the taxi . At the same time, Miss Green took out of a knife and pointed it at Kate. She asked Kate to keep______. The man then started the taxi.
“ Oh, my God! I’m being kidnapped(绑架),” Kate said to herself.
She tried to escape , but not succeeded. Suddenly an idea came to her. She took out a lipstick(口红) from her pocket, wrote ‘_____’ on the window, and covered the word with her back.
A few minutes later, a police car ____and the policemen saw the sign. When the kidnappers saw the policemen, they stopped the taxi, jumped into the grass, and ran away.
The policemen then picked Kate up and sent her home. When her parents knew what had happened, they were greatly surprised. But they were also happy because their daughter had finally come back safely.
小题1:
A.schoolB.taxiC.shopD.friend’s
小题2:
A.sureB.excitedC.surprisedD.pleased
小题3:
A.healthyB.aliveC.relaxedD.quiet
小题4:
A.THANKSB.SORRYC.SOSD.OK
小题5:
A.stoppedB.leftC.passedD.turned
单项选择题