问题 实验题

化合物KxFe(C2O4)y·3H2O(Fe为+3价)是一种光敏材料,实验室可以用如下的方法来制备这种材料并测定这种材料的组成。

Ⅰ.制备

K2C2O4

FeCl3

⑴结晶时应将溶液用冰水冷却并在黑暗处等待晶体的析出,这样操作的原因是:_________________

_______________________________________________。

⑵操作Ⅲ的名称是___________。

Ⅱ.组成测定

称取一定质量的晶体置于锥形瓶中,加入足量的蒸馏水和稀H2SO4,将C2O42转化为H2C2O4后用0.1000 mol·L-1KMnO4溶液滴定,当消耗KMnO4溶液24.00mL时恰好完全反应;再向溶液中加入适量的还原剂,恰好将Fe3完全转化为Fe2,用KMnO4溶液继续滴定,当Fe2完全氧化时,用去KMnO4溶液4.00mL。相关反应的化学方程式如下:

2 KMnO4+5H2C2O4+3H2SO4=2MnSO4+K2SO4+10CO2↑+8H2O

MnO4+5Fe2+8H=Mn2+5Fe3+4H2O

⑶配制100mL 0.1000 mol·L-1KMnO4溶液及滴定实验中所需的玻璃仪器除烧杯、玻璃棒、胶头滴管、量筒、锥形瓶外还有_______________________________(填仪器名称)。两个滴定中,终点时溶液颜色为________色,且30 秒内不变色。

⑷该化合物KxFe(C2O4)y·3H2O中,x=_______。

答案

⑴用冰水冷却有利于析出更多的晶体,黑暗可以防止晶体分解

⑵过滤、洗涤

⑶100mL容量瓶、酸式滴定管 (紫)红

⑷ 3

本题涉及的制备是我们不熟悉的物质的制备,因此关于制备细节的考察,要么可以由我们以前的知识迁移而来,要么在题干中有所提示。

(1)故“冰水冷却”这句话很容易使我们想到是为了抑制溶解平衡,析出更多的晶体(这是知识的迁移);而“在黑暗处等待晶体析出”则和题干中的“光敏材料”对应,当推知黑暗是为了防止晶体见光分解。

(2)这是原有知识在新情境下的应用,考虑到前一步是结晶,结晶后自然要将晶体与母液分离、所以需要“过滤”, 如果再加上“洗涤”就更加严密。

(3)仍然是原有知识在具体新情境下的应用,题目中明确说道包含物质的量溶液配制和滴定实验,所以需要容量瓶和滴定管。关键是要准确写出“100mL容量瓶”,而KMnO4溶液有强氧化性,需用酸式滴定管盛放。关于终点颜色的判断,需要同学准确理解该滴定实验的原理,该实验是氧化还原滴定,终点时KMnO4溶液恰好过量一滴,故溶液会显紫红色。

(4)由题意求得:n(Fe3+)=0.001mol,n(C2O42-)=0.003mol,代入化学式,可求得x=3。

阅读理解

The GUARANTEE ON THIS WATER HEATER IS IN EFFECT ONLY WHEN THE HEATER IS INSTALLED AND OPERATED IN ACCORDANCE WITH THESE INSTRUCTIONS. READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS THOROUGHLY BEFORE STARTING.

LOCATION:

  Select a location accessible to water lines and power supply. Do not locate the heater where water lines could be subjected to(受…影响) freezing temperatures. It is recommended that the heater be located near the center of greatest hot water usage to prevent heat loss through the pipes.

ELECTRICAL CONNECTIONS:

  Before any electrical connections are made, be sure that the heater is full of water and that the valve(阀门) in the cold water supply line is open.

OPERATION

When the switch is closed, the operation of this electric water heater is automatic. The thermostats are preset to the "HOT" setting to provide a water temperature of approximately 120oF to reduce the risk of being burnt.

MAITENACE

Shut off the electric power whenever the water supply is turned off.

Shut off the electric power, water supply and drain the heater completely to prevent freezing whenever the building is left unoccupied during the cold weather months.

SERVICE

The trip–free devices on this heater will cut off all power if temperature of water is above 190F. If there is no hot water after a reasonable period of time, check the main fuse(保险丝) box. In the event that the fuses have not blown, call a serviceman.

72.The location of the water heater shall ___________.

A. be close to water lines and power supply

B. be subjected to low temperature

C. be in the centre of the house

D. have a longer distance to hot water usage.

73.Before any connection of power , make sure that one thing you have to do is _____.

A. to have the heater in the water     B. to open the cold water inlet valve.

C. to shut off the thermostats         D. to replace wiring diagram

74.When you are not using the heater in winter months, it is better for you to________.

A. have the tank full of clear water    B. drain the heater

C. to leave it untouched             D. prevent it from losing heat

75. What will happen to the heater when the temperature of water is above 190F?

A. it will cause damage         B. It will break off automatically.

C. It will produce cold water.    D. It will blow the fuse.

判断题