问题 实验题

醛可与NaHSO3饱和溶液发生加成反应,生成水溶性的α-羟基磺酸钠:

反应是可逆的。在通常条件下有70%~90%的原料向正反应方向转化。

(1)若氯苯中含有杂质苯甲醛,要除去此杂质,可作用的试剂是____,反应的化学方程式为:____;分离的方法是____。

(2)若使CH3—CHOH—SO3Na转化为乙醛,可采用的试剂是____,反应的化学方程式为____,分离的方法是____。

答案

(2)H2SO4  2NaHSO3+H2SO4==Na2SO4+2H2O+2SO2↑蒸馏

充分应用题给信息,并联想有关化学平衡移动的概念和物质的性质分析题目要求。

(1)氯苯中混有苯甲醛,按题给反应,用NaHSO3与苯甲醛加成,生成可溶于水的,则与不溶于水的氯苯分为两层,用分液漏斗分离即可。反应的化学方程式为:

(2)注意到题给条件“反应是可逆的,在通常条件下”正反应方向的转化率较高,若能使平衡左移,则可生成乙醛,而考虑平衡左移的方法,若以CH3—CHOH—SO3Na为纯液体,没有浓度的问题,则只应考虑使左侧NaHSO3浓度减小的办法,则可相应使用H2SO4,发生反应:

2NaHSO3+H2SO4==Na2SO4+2H2O+2SO2↑

使NaHSO3浓度减小,而使平衡左移,转化为乙醛:

注意到Na2SO4为离子晶体,熔沸点较高,而CH3CHO沸点仅为20.8℃,易挥发,所以用蒸馏的方法,则可分离出乙醛。

填空题

Part 4


Questions 26-45


·Read the following text and decide which answer bestfits each space.
·For questions 26-45, mark one letter A, B, C or D on the Answer Sheet.

How to Tell Which Side You Favor


Brain researcher Ned Herrmann tested more than 7,000 people to find out which side of the brain they favored. He found a p relationship between hemisphere (26) and the way subjects made a (27) : left-brain-oriented subjects were more often lawyers, writers, bookkeepers, doctors, tax experts, etc. —jobs (28) with logical, language-related information. Those who favored the right hemisphere (29) out to be poets, politicians, musicians, architects, entrepreneurs, dancers and (30) —top executives. Herrmann’s studies showed that the most successful people in any (31) are those who use both the left and right brains.
One test for hemisphere dominance is to (32) how you turn your head and eyes when (33) questions asked by someone in front of you. Research suggests that if you generally turn to the left, you have a right-brain (34) ; if you turn to the right, (35) are you prefer work that (36) use of logic or language.
Another test for dominance involves directions for (37) a product. A left-hemisphere- oriented person usually follows instructions in a step-by-step (38) —from written sentence to written sentence. Someone with p right-side input will probably (39) the written directions and assemble the pieces by (40) the diagram or picture.
If you think you’re right-brained, (41) this teaser. Read the sentence below carefully and count the number of f’s:
FINISHED FILES ARE THE RESULT OF YEARS OF SCIENTIFIC
STUDY COMBINED WITH THE EXPERIENCE OF MANY YEARS.
Did you find all six fs If not, don’t be surprised. Only 15 percent of those who take this test (42) .If you counted less than six—most count three—you probably (43) the f in each "of". Since "of" is pronounced "ov", the verbal left hemisphere took the verbal (44) and overrode the right, "seeing" hemisphere; (45) forcing the wrong conclusion.

A.enjoyment

B.tendency

C.interest

D.taste

单项选择题