问题 实验题

在中学化学实验室中,可通过下图的方法制得一种常见的有毒气体

是黑色粉末,是白色固体(焰色反应透过蓝色钴玻璃呈紫色,可用于制备火柴),且都是常见的氧化剂。

(1)写出与W的浓溶液共热生成的离子方程式          

(2) 混合后共热可产生一种无毒气体,反应的化学方程式为                   。

下图是实验室常见的气体发生装置,此反应应选用的发生装置是       (填字母编号)。实验过程中,检验气密性之后(气密性良好),向该装置中加入粉末状固体的操作是:                        

(3) 与乙烯加成可得一种有机物,为验证该有机物中含有与相同的元素,请选择合适的试剂         (用字母编号回答)。

a.稀盐酸     b.稀硝酸     c.稀硫酸    d.氢氧化钠溶液

e.硝酸银溶液  f.淀粉溶液    g.碘化钾溶液  h.品红溶液

(4)在实验室中制取气体时,通常可用排某种溶液的方法收集,则该溶液是      ;也可用排空气集气法收集,若用右图装置(不能改变瓶口朝向),则气体应该从    (填“m”或“n”)口进。

(5)有人设想利用原电池原理以和氢气制备一种重要的化工原料,同时获取电能。假设这种想法可行,用石墨作电极材料,用稀盐酸作电解质溶液,则通入的电极为原电池的    极,其电极反应式为                                  

答案

(1) (3分)

(2)  (2分)

取下试管口的单孔橡皮塞,将试管倾斜(或横放),再将盛有粉末状固体药品的药匙(或纸槽)伸入试管底部,最后将试管直立。(3分)

(3) (2分)  

(4)饱和食盐水; (每空2分,共4分)

(5)正极(1分), (2分)

本题考察综合实验知识。Y是白色固体,焰色反应透过蓝色钴玻璃呈紫色,可用于制备火柴,且为强氧化剂,则Y为KClO3,又题(2)可知黑色粉末氧化剂为MnO2,制得无毒气体为氧气,由这两种氧化剂可知,所制备的有毒气体为氯气,W的浓溶液为浓盐酸。(3)证明氯乙烷中氯元素的方法是氯乙烷在碱性条件下水解,然后加酸中和,最后滴加硝酸银溶液检验氯离子,注意酸不能用盐酸,因为盐酸中的氯离子对实验结果有干扰;(4)排饱和食盐水的方法来收集氯气,氯气的密度大于空气,所以m进n出;(5)氯气发生的反应为Cl2+2e=2Cl,作为正极。

单项选择题
阅读理解

If you want to keep healthy, you should have good habits. What is a habit? It is something we do very often. We don’t even think when we do it. It has become a part of our lives.

“Early to bed, early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise.” This is an old English saying. Do you know what it means? It means that we must go to bed early at night and get up early in the morning. If we do, we shall be healthy, rich and clever.

Is this true? Perhaps it is. We know the body must have enough sleep. Boys and girls need eight or nine hours’ sleep every day.

Some people go to bed late at night and get up late in the morning. This is a very bad habit. Then you will not think or do your work well. Of course, you can’t be healthy, wealthy or wise.

When we get up early in the morning, we can go out and do morning exercises. Exercise means doing things with the body. Walking, running jumping, swimming, and playing ball games are all exercise. If we don’t exercise, our body will become weak.

Exercise helps the blood (血液) to move around inside our body. Blood takes food to all parts of our body.

Our body also needs air to breathe. Without air, we will die. We must have lots of clean fresh air if we want to be healthy. That is why many people like to go out to do morning exercise.

1 From the passage we know that it is good for our health to ____ .

A. eat a lot         B. go to bed early   C. get up late      D. go to bed late

2 How long should young boys and girls need to sleep a day?

A. More than ten hours                B. Over eleven hours.

C. Less than seven hours.             D. Eight hours or so.

3 If we want to keep healthy, we must ____ .

A. eat more food                         B. sleep more     C. get up late D. take enough exercise

4 Which of the following habits is NOT GOOD?

A. Don’t go to bed until twelve o’clock..

B. Take a walk after supper.

C. Run in the open air early in the morning.

D. Climb hills for half an hour early in the morning.

5 Which sport is NOT mentioned in the passage?

A. Jumping.       B. Swimming.    C. Riding.          D. Running.