问题 问答题

简述实现 * * 主义需要具备的基本条件。

答案

参考答案:实现 * * 主义社会的基本条件 无产阶级推翻资本主义制度、进入社会主义社会之后,还将逐步实现向 * * 主义社会的过渡。这一过渡需要经过生产力的充分发展和生产关系的一系列变革,经过一个很长的历史过程才能实现。 实现向 * * 主义过渡必须具备以下基本条件: 第一,社会生产力高度发展,集体财富的一切源泉都充分涌流,产品极大丰富,这是实现 * * 主义的最重要的物质条件。只有使社会生产建立在高度发展的科学技术基础上,才能大大提高劳动生产率,从而大大缩短劳动时间。在这个基础上,旧的社会分工才能完全消失,劳动才能从谋生手段变成人们生活的第一需要;产品极大丰富了,才能消除个人消费品按劳分配存在的事实上的不平等,由按劳分配过渡到按需分配。 第二,社会成员都成为体力和智力获得全面发展的新人。由于社会主义社会是刚从旧社会脱胎出来的,生产力水平还不够高,劳动者还不能消除旧分工的束缚,还没有成为全面发展的个人。只有在生产力大大提高的基础上,劳动时间大大缩短,人们才能有更多的时间归自己自由支配,才能从事各种学习。在这个基础上,人们才能摆脱终身固定在一种职业上的现象,根据自己的兴趣和爱好从事各方面的工作,成为全面发展的新人。 第三,全体人民的 * * 主义觉悟和道德品质的极大的提高,这是实现 * * 主义伟大理想所必备的精神条件。 * * 主义的生产、分配和整个社会生活都要求 * * 主义社会的人是具有高尚道德品质和情操的新人。列宁在论述 * * 主义制度时指出:“在这种制度下,人们习惯于履行社会义务而不需要特殊的强制机关,不拿报酬地为公共利益工作成了普遍的现象。”(《列宁选集》第4卷第141页)为此,在整个社会主义历史时期,不仅要努力创造高度的物质文明,还要努力创造高度的精神文明。 第四,建立单一的 * * 主义社会所有制。生产资料社会所有制是 * * 主义生产关系的基础。在向 * * 主义社会发展过程中,不仅要把部分劳动群众的集体所有制发展为全民所有制,而且社会主义全民所有制本身也要发展得更加完善和成熟。在 * * 主义的社会所有制的基础上,将建立起 * * 主义的、人类历史上前所未有的、崭新的社会制度。 第五,在全世界消灭一切剥削制度,国家将自行消亡。在 * * 主义社会中,“国家”将发展成为组织经济发展的中心,由它来承担组织社会生产、交换和分配的经济职能。在那时,原来意义上的国家也就不复存在了。只有具备了上述基本条件,社会主义社会才能最终过渡到 * * 主义社会。显然,要实现社会主义向 * * 主义的过渡绝非短暂的历史时期所能完成的。

选择题
阅读理解

阅读理解。

     Though "nanometer" (纳米) is now a fashionable term all over the world, few people know exactly what

it is. It has become a new favorite of producers and sellers in recent years. Many "high-tech" products bearing

the name "nano" have entered the market, bringing more mysterious feeling to surprised consumers.

     Nanometer is a very small length unit of measure, and is very small. One millimeter is 1000 micrometers,

and one micrometer is 1 000 nanometers. That is, one nanometer is one billionth of a meter. Nano materials

are solid materials made up of particles (粒子) or crystallites (晶体) of less than 100 nanometers in size. Then,

is a cup made of nano material really any different from an ordinary cup in function as far as how it works?

     Are nano cups really so wonderful? A reporter went to the Institute of Nanomedicine, which is the first

such institute of such a sort in the world and the only one in China, specializing in researching the investigation

of the application of nano technology into medicine.

     A water molecule (分子) is made up of 2 hydrogen atoms and l oxygen atom. It can be changed only by a

special way of controlling of the atoms. The material made into the cup can have nanometer particles. But it

cannot change the chemical and physical properties of the water contained in the cup. The water in it is still

water. When people drink it, it will produce no special effect on human body.

     Professor Ji who worked in the Institute of Nanomedicine told the reporter, so far, the investigation of nano

materials is still limited in the laboratory. No commercial micro products can be produced yet. With the present

level of science and technology, the time of everyday goods made of nanometer materials is still years away.

     The products labeled with nano marks in the market now are only traditional products coated with a thin

layer of nanometer material, which makes them more abrasion resistant (耐磨), much easier to be cleaned, or

oil resisting or moth proof (防蛀).

     Professor Ji explained that nano cup is a real cup. It can also be included in the list of nano products in a

certain sense. But the nano cup has not changed its property and function as a cup. It is not a magical medicine

for curing and health care.

1. Which of the following shows the right relationship? [ ]

A. nanometer<millimeter<micrometer<meter

B. micrometer<millimeter<nanometer<meter

C. nanometer<micrometer<millimeter<meter

D. millimeter<micrometer<nanometer<meter

2. It can be inferred from the passage that _____. [ ]

A. nano materials have been put into use in daily goods

B. real nano products haven't become available for people

C. the nano cup is very effective in curing and health care

D. real nano products are being produced by some companies

3. The underlined word "properties" in the fourth paragraph probably means _____. [ ]

A. possessions 

B. qualities

C. reactions

D. symbols

4. What would be the best title for the passage?[ ]

A. High-tech Products

B. Nano Cups

C. Nano Materials

D. High-tech Research