问题 单项选择题 B1型题

撤药反应是指()

A.只发生在停药或剂量突然减小后,该药再次使用时可使症状得到改善,反应的可能性更多与给药时程有关,而不是与剂量有关

B.一些药物能损伤基因,出现致癌、致畸等不良反应。值得注意的是,有些是潜在的致癌物或遗传毒物,有些(并非全部)致畸物在胎儿期即可导致遗传物质受损

C.不是药理学所能预测的,也与剂量无关,因此减少剂量通常不会改善症状,必须停药

D.许多不良反应取决于药物或赋形剂的化学性质而不是药理学作用

E.此类反应具有家族性,反应特性由家族性遗传性疾病决定

答案

参考答案:A

解析:E类反应(撤药反应)只发生在停药或剂量突然减小后,该药再次使用时可使症状得到改善,反应的可能性更多与给药时程有关,而不是与剂量有关。常见的可以引起撤药反应的药物有阿片类、苯二氮类、三环类抗抑郁药和可乐定等。G类反应(基因毒性反应)是指一些药物能损伤基因,出现致癌、致畸等不良反应。值得注意的是,有些是潜在的致癌物或遗传毒物,有些(并非全部)致畸物在胎儿期即可导致遗传物质受损。H类反应(过敏反应)可能是继A类反应后最常见的不良反应,类别很多,它们不是药理学所能预测的,也与剂量无关,因此减少剂量通常不会改善症状,必须停药。C类反应(化学反应)许多不良反应取决于药物或赋形剂的化学性质而不是药理学作用,它们以化学刺激为基本形式,致使大多数病人在使用某剂型时会出现相似的反应。其严重程度主要与所用药物的浓度而不是剂量有关。此类典型的不良反应包括药物外渗反应、静脉炎、药物或赋形剂刺激而致的注射部位疼痛、酸碱灼烧、接触性皮炎以及局部刺激引起的胃肠黏膜损伤。

阅读理解

阅读理解。

     Soon computers and other machines (机器) will be able to remember you by looking at your eyes! The

program works because everyone's eyes are different. So in the future you won't have to remember a number

when you want to use a machine or take money out of a bank. You'll just have to look at the machine and it

will be able to tell who you are.

     The eye-recognition (眼睛识别) program has already been tested in shops and banks in the USA, Britain,

Spain, Italy and Turkey. Soon this technology (技术) will take the place of all other ways of finding out who

people are.

     However, scientists are also working on other systems. Machines will soon be able to know you from the

shape of your face or hand or even your smell! We already have machines that can tell who you are from

your voice or the mark made by your finger.

     Eye-recognition is better than other kinds because your eyes don't change as you get older, and don't get

dirty like hands or fingers, and even twins have different eyes. So the eye-recognition program can be up to

94% correct, depending on how good the technology is. However, some other programs may only be 51%

correct at present. In Britain, it was found that 91% of people who had tried it said that they liked the idea of

eye-recognition.  

     In the future your computer will be looking you in the eye. So smile!

1. Where has the eye-recognition program already been tested in a few countries? In _______.

A. shops and banks

B. shops and schools

C. banks and schools

D. schools and hospitals

2. How does the eye-recognition program work?

A. You look at the machine and type a number.

B. You need to speak and then look.

C. The machine looks at your face.

D. You look at the machine.

3. We already have machines that can tell who you are from _______.

A. your eyes or your smell

B. your voice or the mark made by your finger

C. your face or your voice

D. your face or your hand

4. Which of the following doesn't belong to the advantages of the eye-recognition program?

A. Your eyes don't change as you get older.

B. Eyes don't get dirty like hands or fingers.

C. Everyone's eyes are different, even twins have different eyes.

D. We can't see anything without eyes.

5. What problem could there be with the eye-recognition program?

A. Some eyes are the same.

B. Eyes can change.

C. It is not always correct.

D. Eyes can get dirty like hands.

判断题