问题 问答题

某物理兴趣小组在老师的指导下做了水火箭升空实验.实验器材有:饮料瓶、气筒、自行车气门、铁丝、橡皮塞、水等.水火箭构造如图所示.根据老师的介绍,同学们了解到水火箭升空原理如下:在瓶中装适量的水,塞好瓶塞后放在发射架上.用气筒向瓶内打气,瓶内上方气体压强达到一定程度,高压气体将水和橡皮塞从瓶口压出,利用水的反冲作用把瓶推向高空.

(1)水火箭升空原理可利用我们所学过的______知识来解释.从能量转化角度来看,水火箭的动能是由______能转化来的.

(2)实验后小星提出了问题:水火箭上升高度与什么因素有关呢?

小星猜想:可能与瓶中气体的压强有关;

小华猜想:可能与瓶中水的体积有关;

小军猜想:可能与瓶子的形状有关;

你认为影响因素还有______(写出一点).

(3)实验小组通过试验发现,瓶塞插入深度不同,瓶塞被冲出前用气筒充气次数不同(设每一次充入气量相同),他们选用同一可乐瓶,瓶中水量为300ml.通过站在不同楼层观察员目测进行数据记录.考虑到安全做了三次,实验结果如下:

瓶塞塞入深度更深
高度(m)2512
这可验证水火箭上升高度与______有关的猜想是否正确的.

(4)为了验证小华的猜想,请你为她设计一个可行的实验步骤:______.

答案

(1)高压气体给水和橡皮塞一向下的力,力的作用是相互的,橡皮塞给瓶向上的力使瓶升空;在此过程中,将高压气体的内能转化为塞子的机械能;

(2)水火箭上升高度会与塞子与瓶口的摩擦力大小有关;

(3)表中数据可验证水火箭上升高度与塞子的插入深度有关的猜想是否正确;

(4)为了验证小华的猜想,要保持其它的情况不变,只改变装入瓶内水的体积,重复试验比较发射高度.

故答案为:(1)力的作用是相互的,内能;

(2)塞子与瓶口的摩擦力大小;

(3)塞子的插入深度;

(4)保持其它的情况不变,只改变装入瓶内水的体积,重复试验比较发射高度.

完形填空

It was in the hospital that I first saw Tommy.

He must have been crying a lot __21_  his chest was still heaving(起伏)as I __22_  the bed. I knew he was trying to __23_  his tears. I felt helpless, unable to __24_  the pain from the little boy. Suddenly an idea hit me. I wanted to __25_  him the ancient Hawaiian wisdom. __26_  over, I whispered, “Tommy , did you know our Hawaiian Lizards(蜥蜴)grow their tails back and little boys can grow their  __27_  back too?” Tommy’s eyes grew wide with  __28_  .

“They can?” he asked, obviously  __29_  .

“Yes!” I answered with  __30_ . “Close your eyes,” I said. He nodded with his eyes closed  __31_  .

“Tell your finger every day how much you love it and you need it to  __32_  the phone and to write your homework in school.” I paused, __33_  his little face focused in deep __34_  . “Now say, grow for me, finger. I love you. I need you so much.” __35_  later, Tommy opened his eyes. I told him, “Your finger will be perfectly fine. Let’s __36_  until it completely recovers.”

A year later, Tommy came to say good-bye to me. His broken finger was just the same as any other finger should be. Only a(n) __37_   scar(伤疤)remained.

Tommy remains forever in my heart and  __38_   me of the possibility of miracle(奇迹). From him, I have learnt to _39_  failure. He inspires me to improve myself and to remember the ancient __40_  : Everything is possible if you truly believe.

小题1:

A.so

B.but

C.because

D.or小题2:

A.left

B.approached

C.touched

D.saw小题3:

A.flow out

B.wipe out

C.hold up

D.hold back小题4:  

A.remove

B.move

C.stand

D.suffer小题5:  

A.amuse

B.teach

C.inspire

D.treat小题6:

A.Turning

B.Watching

C.Looking

D.Bending小题7:.

A.hands

B.arms

C.fingers

D.feet小题8:

A.ease

B.excitement

C.fright

D.disappointment小题9:

A.tired

B.confident

C.astonished

D.worried小题10:

A.certainty

B.pride

C.honesty

D.pleasure小题11:  

A.slightly

B.firmly

C.loosely

D.straight小题12:

A.call

B.answer

C.dial

D.receive小题13:

A.changing

B.noticing

C.washing

D.covering小题14:  

A.sadness

B.fantasy

C.regret

D.attention小题15:  

A.Years

B.Weeks

C.Minutes

D.Hours小题16:  

A.stay

B.stop

C.wait

D.rest小题17:

A.fine

B.ugly

C.terrible

D.big小题18:  

A.warns

B.reminds

C.educates

D.shows小题19:

A.forget

B.accept

C.refuse

D.challenge小题20:

A.game

B.lesson

C.wisdom

D.truth

多项选择题