问题 单项选择题

美国科学家声称,每人生来有两个脑,即颅脑与肠脑.肠脑位于食管、胃脏、小肠与结肠内层组织的鞘中,含有神经细胞、神经传递质、蛋白质和复杂的环行线路.结肠炎、过敏性肠综合症等都与肠脑内产生的问题有关.肠脑中几乎能找到颅脑赖以运转和控制的所有物质,如血清素、多巴胺、谷氨酸、去甲肾上腺素、一氧化氮等.此外,肠脑中还存在多种被称为神经肽的脑蛋白、脑啡肽以及对神经起显著作用的化学物质.颅脑面临惊恐时释出的应激激素会冲击胃脏产生痉挛;惊恐又引起交感神经影响肠脑的血清素分泌量.应激激素过分刺激还会导致腹泻.当情绪压抑时,食管神经受到高度刺激会感到吞咽困难;颅脑释出的应激激素还会改变胃脏与食管间的神经功能,导致胃灼热.最初的脑神经系统起始于管形动物,生存竞争需要更复杂的颅脑,从而发展了中枢神经系统.重要的肠神经系统不能进入头颅与胃肠相联,而为了适应高级动物进食和消化的需要,自然法则就保存了有独立功能的肠神经系统.就人而言,早期胚胎发育中产生的神经脊,一部分进入了中枢神经系统,另一部分变成肠神经系统,通过迷走神经连接两者——颅脑和肠脑.

下列解说,不符合原文意思的一项是______.

A.应激激素作用于肠脑引起肠神经系统化学物质的改变

B.情绪的变化是肠脑和颅脑发生联系的重要渠道

C.进食和消化的需要是肠神经系统形成的基础条件

D.重要的肠神经系统因不能进入头颅而成为独立系统

答案

参考答案:D

解析:文中并未提及“重要的肠神经系统因不能进入头颅而成为独立系统”.

填空题



Most taxpayers have had enough income tax collected by their employers during the year. So they do not (36) any money. In fact, most Americans get some money back. Last year, the Internal Revenue Service returned at least some money to more than (37) Americans paying individual income tax.
The United States has what is called (38) . Tax rates increase as (39) increase. This year, people earning more than (40) are taxed at the highest rate.
Earnings above that amount are taxed at (41) . Earnings below that amount are taxed at lower rates.
Individuals who earn less than (42) pay no income tax. But they do pay (43) , Medicare and other taxes.
There are many different ways for people and businesses to reduce their (44) Most homeowners, for example, can reduce their taxes a little by reporting to the I.R.S. the interest they pay (45) . This is called a (46)
In 2004, personal income taxes provided the government with most of its money: (47) of the budget. Social security and other (48) taxes provided (49) . Other forms of income include (50) , money borrowed to (51) and special taxes on (52) .
But income from taxes did not provide enough to pay for government spending. The I.R.S. says the budget deficit for 2004 was about (53) dollars.
Preparing tax documents can be complex. The I.R.S. estimates that taxpayers need an average of about 13 hours to prepare tax documents. And that is just for the basic tax form. For business, the I.R.S. estimates an (54) needs more than 50 hours. This is why a lot of Americans pay (55) to complete their tax documents for them.

选择题