问题 阅读理解

The African elephant, the largest land animal remaining on earth , is of great importance to African ecosystem(生态系统). Unlike other animals, the African elephant is to a great extent the builder of its environment. As a big plant-eater, it largely shapes the forest-and-savanna(大草原) surroundings in which it lives, therefore setting the terms of existence for millions of other animals that live in its habitat.

It is the elephant's great desire for food that makes it a disturber of the environment and an important builder of its habitat. In its continuous search for the 300 pounds of plants it must have every day, it kills small trees and underbushes, and pulls branches off big trees. This results in numerous open spaces in both deep tropical forests and in the woodlands that cover part of the African savannas. In these open spaces are numerous plants in various stages of growth that attract a variety of other plant-eaters.

Take the rain forests for example. In their natural state, the spreading branches overhead shut out sunlight and prevent the growth of plants on the forest floor. By pulling down trees and eating plants, elephants make open spaces, allowing new plants to grow on the forest floor. In such situations, the forests become suitable for large hoofed plant-eaters to move around and for small plant-eaters to get their food as well.

What worries scientists now is that the African elephant has become an endangered species. If the elephant disappears, scientists say, many other animals will also disappear from vast areas of forest and savanna, greatly changing and worsening the whole ecosystem.

11. What is the passage mainly about?

A. Disappearance of African elephants.

B. Forests and savannas as habitats for African elephants.

C. The effect of African elephants' search for food.

D. The eating habit of African elephants.

12. What does the underlined phrase “setting the terms” most probably mean?

A. Fixing the time.                                   B. Worsening the state.

C. Improving the quality.                          D. Deciding the conditions.

13. What do we know about the open spaces in the passage?

A. They result from the destruction of rain forests.

B. They provide food mainly for African elephants.

C. They are home to many endangered animals

D. They are attractive to plant-eating animals of different kinds.

14. According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE?

A. The African elephant is the largest animal on earth.

B. African elephants have 300 pounds of plants every day, including small trees and underbushes.

C. The African elephant is in a way the builder of the environment like other land animals

D. If the African elephant disappears, the whole ecosystem won’t be affected..

15. The passage is developed mainly by        .

A. showing the effect and then explaining the causes

B. pointing out similarities and differences

C. describing the changes in space order

D. giving examples

答案

11-14 CDDB

本文主要讲述了非洲大象的食物链对周围环境的影响。

11. C 主旨大意题。往往文章的第一段和最后一段都是透漏文章主旨的地方。而本文正是这样。我们从这两段可以读出,这篇文章是关于非洲象寻找食物所带来的影响的,所以应该选择C。

12. D 词义猜测题。根据上半句和下文existence for millions of other animals可知。

13. D 细节理解题。Open space出现在文中的第二段的第三句和第四句。从第四句中我们可以得知这样的空地很容易吸引各种各样的食草动物,所以选择D。

14. B 细节理解题。根据文章第二段的第二句话可判断B为正确答案。

单项选择题

(一)
在一定条件下,朦胧比清晰更富美感。古人云:“马上看壮士,月下看美人。”据天文学家称,即使是满月——十五的月亮,其亮度也只相当于阳光的五十万分之一。
长江三峡的神女峰,终年云雾缭绕,其险峻奇诡尽在半遮半掩之中,故有“半人仙境半人间”的飘渺意境。这种“飘渺”亦即朦胧,常导致人们产生创造性的思维活动,叫做“浮想联翩”。倘若有人走近去,实地考查一番,想那如仙似幻的景色必然减半,所得不过一片残山瘦水古树怪石而已。
因为美感体验是非反思的、不自觉的,美感体验的关键是体验者与其对象不可分割地融合在一起,而朦胧可以使一些事物得以藏拙遮丑而趋于尽美。“明察秋毫”则很难获得持久美感享受。
现代企业管理学中有一门课叫做“行为科学”,它用社会心理学来研究人的行为及产生种种行为的原因,认为人的欲望(或称需要)是人行为的发动器,倘若欲望完全被行为实现而满足了,欲望立即消失,产生索然之感,这时候就需要另一种新的欲望来发动新的行为。而“朦胧”总是使人不识庐山真面目,赏美心理永远不能完全满足,也就不会兴味索然。美感最强烈之点是刚刚触到迫切欣赏的美物而又没有完全得到的那一瞬间,这一瞬间就产生“临界点美感”,朦胧的美学功能就包括使人总是保持在兴趣盎然而不是索然的“临界点美感”上。
为满足人类这一固有的审美心理,作家为文则必须含蓄,状物抒情也必须蕴藉,即所谓“意贵透彻,语忌直率”。不过,朦胧不是晦涩,不是让谁也看不懂,更不是一团漆黑。一言以蔽之:朦胧使美感纯化,使美感丰厚,使美感不衰。

下列能作为“朦胧使美感纯化”这个观点的依据的一项是( )。

A.朦胧导致人们产生创造性的思维活动,即“浮想联翩”

B.朦胧可以使一些事物得以藏拙遮丑而趋于尽美

C.朦胧不仅可以使美感丰厚,而且还能使之长久不衰

D.“明察秋毫”(不朦胧)则很难获得持久的美感享受

判断题