问题 单项选择题

(109~112题共用题干)
男性矿工,作业时塌方砸伤背部,腰背痛,双下肢无力,活动困难。

如伤后3小时,伤者双下肢感觉运动逐渐恢复,最可能是

A.脊髓震荡

B.脊髓挫伤

C.脊髓出血

D.脊髓受压

答案

参考答案:A

解析:[考点] 脊柱骨折

[分析]: 根据题干介绍,应想到脊柱骨折伴脊髓损伤可能性大。现场搬运的方法至关重要。一人抬头另一人抬下肢或一人搂抱式的方法十分危险。因为增加了脊柱弯曲,有时碎骨片挤入椎管内加重脊髓损伤的危险。将伤员架起行走的方式同样不可取,可使骨折移位加重脊柱脊髓损伤。正确的方法是C项,或使伤员保持平直成一整体,滚动至担架上。到医院后为明确诊断首选的检查方法是损伤部位x线正侧位片,了解损伤部位、类型和移位情况。必要时加照斜位X线片,了解椎弓有无骨折。但X线片有局限性,不能显示椎管内受压情况和脊髓损伤情况,故凡有脊柱损伤和神经症状者应作 CT检查,MRI可显示椎管内有无血肿和脊髓有无损伤。如病人出现腹胀、腹痛、肠蠕动减慢,是椎体出血形成腹膜后血肿,刺激了腹腔神经节所致。如伤后3小时病人神经受损情况逐渐恢复,说明是暂时性功能抑制,应考虑是脊髓震荡,一般数分钟或数小时内完全恢复。

单项选择题
单项选择题

Studies from 10 nations reveal that the rates of depression among women are twice as high as they are among men. Do women have a biological bent for depression, or are social double standards the major cause

Mental health workers have long noticed among the clinically depressed women take up a bigger proportion. Until recently, though, it was unclear whether more women than men were ill or, instead, whether more women sought help. In fact, a mounting collection of studies has confirmed that major depression is twice as common among women as it is among men. "This is one of the most consistent findings we have ever had," says Myrna M. Weissman of Columbia University.

Scientists searching for explanations are challenged by the fact that a variety of cues prompt depression in different people. Sorting out which factors might have a greater influence on women has not proved easy. Both sexes stand an equal chance of inheriting major depression, so genes are most likely not to blame. Yet hormones and sleep cycles--which differ dramatically between the sexescan alter mood. Also, many workers have proposed that social discrimination might put women under high levels of stress.

In 1990 an international group examines mood disorders. In the 10 nations reviewed so far, the team has found that among generations reaching maturity after 1945, depression seems to be on the rise and occurs at a younger age. Although overall incidence varies regionally, "everywhere the rates of depression among women are about twice as high as they are among men," Weissman says.

In contrast, lifetime rates for manic-depressive illness do not differ according to sex or culture. Mark S. George and his colleagues at the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) recently studied which regions of the brain have greater blood flow during periods of depression. George found that "the brain activity of the men and women of depression looked very different. " He has since compared feelings of anger, anxiety and happiness, finding no such big a difference.

Because one in five American women has a history of depression, especially as they often pursue therapy from other sources, sometimes on top of an anti-depressant clinic. Says Leibenluft: "It is remarkable how little work has been done on this subject.

The author quotes Leibenluft’s comment in the last paragraph to()

A. summarize the main idea of the passage

B. recommend an alternative perspective to look at the issue of depression

C. express the author’s pity about the slow improvement on the cure of depression

D. praise the great efforts made by researchers on the subject of depression