问题 问答题

现有A、B、C、D、E、F六种短周期元素,它们的原子序数依次增大,D与E的氢化物分子构型都是V型.A、B的最外层电子数之和与C的最外层电子数相等,A能分别与B、C、D形成电子总数相等的分子,且A与D可形成的化合物,常温下均为液态.

请回答下列问题(填空时用实际符号):

(1)C的元素符号是______;元素F在周期表中的位置______.

(2)B与D一般情况下可形成两种常见气态化合物,假若现在科学家制出另一种直线型气态化合物 B2D2分子,且各原子最外层都满足8电子结构,则B2D2电子式为______,其固体时的晶体类型是______.

(3)最近意大利罗马大学的FuNvio Cacace等人获得了极具理论研究意义的C4分子.C4分子结构如图所示,已知断裂lmolC-C吸收167kJ热量,生成Imo1C=C放出942kJ热量.根据以上信息和数据,下列说法正确的是______.

①C4属于一种新型的化合物

②C4沸点比P4(白磷)低

③lmol C4气体转变为C2吸收882kJ热量

④C4与C2互为同素异形体

⑤C4稳定性比P4(白磷)差

⑥C4属于原子晶体

⑦C4和P4 (白磷)的晶体都属于分子晶体

⑧C4与C2互为同分异构体

(4)C与F两种元素形成一种化合物分子,各原子最外层达8电子结构,则该分子的结构式为______,其空间构型为______.

(5)为了除去化合物乙(A2ED4);)稀溶液中混有的A2ED3,常采用A2D2为氧化剂,发生反应的离子方程式为:______

(6)E与F形成的化合物E2F2在橡胶工业上有重要用途,遇水易水解,其空间结构与A2D2极为相似.对此以下说法正确的是______.

a.E2F2的结构式为:F-E-E-F

b.E2F2为含有极性键 和非极性键的非极性分子

c.E2Br2与E2F2结构相似,熔沸点:E2Br2>E2F2

d.E2F2与H2O反应的化学方程式可能为:2E2F2+2H2O=EO2↑+3E↓+4HF

(7)举出一种事实说明E与F的非金属性强弱(用化学方程式或用语言文字表达均可):______.

答案

A、B、C、D、E、F六种短周期元素,原子序数依次增大,D与E的氢化物分子构型都是V型,则氢化物为H2O、H2S,则D为氧元素,E为硫元素;原子序数F大于硫元素,故F为氯元素;A与D可形成的化合物,常温下均为液态,则A为氢元素;A能分别与B、C、D形成电子总数相等的分子,B为碳元素,C为氮元素,可形成10电子分子,满足A、B的最外层电子数之和与C的最外层电子数相等,符合题意.

故A为氢元素;B为碳元素,C为氮元素,D为氧元素,E为硫元素;F为氯元素.

(1)由上述分析可知,C为N;F为氯元素,原子核外有17 个电子,有3个电子层,最外层有7个电子,位于周期表第3周期第ⅦA族.

故答案为:N;第3周期第ⅦA族.

(2)B为碳元素,D为氧元素,直线型气态化合物 B2D2分子为C2O2,且各原子最外层都满足8电子结构,分子中碳原子与碳原子之间形成2对共用电子对,每个碳原子与1个氧原子形成2对共用电子对,则C2O2电子式为

,其固体时的晶体类型是分子晶体.

故答案为:

;分子晶体.

(3)①N4只含一种元素,属于单质,故①错误;

②N4与P4(白磷)都形成分子晶体,P4相对分子质量大,分子间作用力强,P4沸点高,故②正确;

③lmol N4气体转变为N2,断开化学键吸收能量为167kJ×4=668kJ,形成化学键放出能量为942kJ×2=1884kJ,所以反应放出能量为1884kJ-668kJ=1276kJ,故③错误;

④N4与N2都是氮元素组成的结构不同的单质,互为同素异形体,故④正确;

⑤P4(白磷)易自然,稳定性差,故⑤错误;

⑥N4属于分子晶体,故⑥错误;

⑦N4和P4 (白磷)的晶体都属于分子晶体,故⑦正确;

⑧同分异构体研究对象为化合物,N4与N2互为同素异形体,故⑧错误.

故选:②④⑦.

(4)C为氮元素,F为氯元素两种元素形成一种化合物分子,各原子最外层达8电子结构,分子中存在3个N-Cl键,

则该分子的结构式为

,与氨气结构类似,其空间构型为三角锥型.

故答案为:

;三角锥型.

(5)A2ED3为H2SO3,A2D2是H2O2,H2O2将亚硫酸氧化为硫酸,反应离子方程式为H2O2+H2SO3=2H++SO42-+H2O.

故答案为:H2O2+H2SO3=2H++SO42-+H2O.

(6)E与F形成的化合物E2F2为S2Cl2,遇水易水解,其空间结构与H2O2极为相似.

a.S2Cl2的空间结构与H2O2极为相似,所以结构式为:Cl-S-S-Cl,故a正确;

b.H2O2为打开的书页形结构,-O-H处于两个平面,是极性分子,S2Cl2的空间结构与H2O2极为相似,为含有极性键和非极性键的极性分子,故b错误;

c.E2Br2与E2F2结构相似,都能形成分子晶体,相对分子质量越大熔沸点越高,所以熔沸点:E2Br2>E2F2,故c正确;

d.S2Cl2遇水解,反应2S2Cl2+2H2O=SO2↑+3S↓+4HF,符合氧化还原反应,且电子转移相等,可能发生该反应,故d正确.

故选:acd.

(7)元素的非金属性越强,单质的氧化性越强,氧化剂氧化性强于氧化产物氧化性,所以反应C12+H2S=S↓+2HCl,可以说明Cl的非金属性比S强.

故答案为:C12+H2S=S↓+2HCl.

阅读理解

Once you’ve tasted the joy and freedom of an all-access backstage pass, sitting in the balcony(楼厅) far from the stage has little attraction. In March of 2008, I had the opportunity to tour with a band. The experience was eye-opening.

I hadn’t realized how many misconceptions I had about the lifestyle of a world-class musician. Such a life is not as great as it appears. In fact, some aspects are extremely tedious. Hours and hours are spent waiting. The musicians wait for their transportation; they wait for the sound check; they wait to perform. After the show, they wait for the crowds of fans to go away.

When the musicians are not waiting, they are traveling. Sometimes the travel itself can seem attractive and exciting, with the limousines(豪华轿车) and the first-class seats on the plane. However, even these luxuries cannot make up for long, boring hours on the road or in the air. Basic needs are all but ignored. Late-night shows and early wake-up calls make them know the preciousness of sleep. The demanding travel itineraries(行程) and show schedules make regular meals impossible.

In spite of the sacrifices, life on tour has its advantage, at least for the talent. A support team generally travels with the band, with at least one person dedicated to meeting the musicians’ needs at all times. The musicians are expected to perform at the shows, but they are not expected to manage any detail of their lives. When I was with the band, I poured glasses of grapefruit juice, made sandwiches, prepared dressing rooms, and performed all kinds of routine work, such as buying toothpaste and getting money from the ATM. In addition, efforts are made by promoters to keep the musicians happy. Most places offer private dressing rooms for the musicians. There is also usually a green room, a room that is large with comfortable furnishings where the band can visit with friends and family while waiting to go on stage. Before the band goes on, their families and friends file out into the auditorium and find their seats. The house lights go dark and curtain rises. When the lights flash on and the band starts playing, the scene is magical. A behind-the-scenes view makes the experience even more spectacular.

小题1:The underlined world in paragraph 2 probably means _____.

A.exciting

B.boring

C.reasonable

D.ridiculous小题2:We can infer from the third paragraph that _____.

A.good arrangements always make the trips comfortable and pleasant

B.most musicians would rather travel long distance than wait

C.most musicians ignore their basic needs because the travel is too luxurious

D.the lack of sleep and irregular meals seem to be a part of the life of musicians小题3:Which might be the best title for the passage?

A.Behind the Scene.

B.Hard Life of Musicians.

C.My Part-time Job.

D.How to Make Musicians Happy.

单项选择题