问题 实验题

(6分)氯化钙在生活中常用作干燥剂、融雪剂,在工业上可用于制造防冻液等。某工厂以石灰石为原料生产二水化钙(CaCl2·2H2O)的流程如下。原料石灰石中含有杂质主要是MgCO3、MgSO4和Al2O3

(1)石灰石粉溶解时,Al2O3发生反应的化学方程式为______________。

(2)加入BaCl2除去的杂质离子是__________;加入Ca(OH)2除去的杂质离子是________。

(3)检验“滤液”酸碱性,如果显碱性,还需加入适量的___________________(填化学式)提高产品纯度。

答案

⑵硫酸根离子  镁离子、铝离子(或Mg2+、Al3+

⑶HCl

分析:(1)氧化铝为金属氧化物,金属氧化物与酸发生复分解反应生成盐和水;

(2)氯化钡能与溶液中的硫酸镁反应生成硫酸钡沉淀,由此可判断加入氯化钡除去了溶液中的硫酸根离子;氢氧化钙能与溶液中氯化镁、氯化铝生成氢氧化镁、氢氧化铝的沉淀,因此,加入的氢氧化钙可除去溶液中镁离子、铝离子;

(3)若滤液呈碱性,可说明前面操作所加氢氧化钙过量,为得到较纯净氯化钙,应加入稀盐酸进行中和.

解:(1)氧化铝与盐酸反应生成氯化铝和水,化学方程式为Al2O3+6HCl=2AlCl3+3H2O;

(2)氯化钡能与溶液中的硫酸镁反应生成硫酸钡沉淀和氯化镁,因此,除去的杂质离子为硫酸根离子;氢氧化钙能与溶液中氯化镁、氯化铝反应生成氢氧化镁沉淀、氢氧化铝沉淀和氯化钙,因此,除去的杂质离子为镁离子、铝离子;

(3)如果滤液显碱性,则前后操作中加入的氢氧化钙过量,可加入稀盐酸与氢氧化钙反应生成氯化钙和水,除去氢氧化钙而得到较为纯净的氯化钙;

故答案为:(1)Al2O3+6HCl=2AlCl3+3H2O;

(2)硫酸根离子;镁离子、铝离子(或Mg2+、Al3+

(3)HCl.

多项选择题
阅读理解

阅读理解。

     IMAGINE A classroom missing one thing that has long been considered a necessary part to reading and

writing? Paper. No notebooks, no textbooks, no test paper. Nor are there any pencils or pens, which always

seem to run out of ink at the critical (关键的) moment.

     Students don't any handwriting in this class. Instead, they use palm(手掌) size, or specially designed

computers. The teacher downloads texts from Internet libraries and sends them to every student's personal

computer.

     Having computers also means that students can use the Web. They can look up information on any subject

they're studying!

     High school teacher Judy Harrell in Florida, US, described how her class used the Web to learn about the

war in Afghanistan over one year ago.

     "We could touch every side of the country through different sites, from the forest to refugee camps (难

民营)," she said. "Using a book that's three or four years old is impossible."

     A paperless classroom is a big step towards reducing the waste of paper. High school teacher Stephanie

Sorrell in Kentucky, US, said she used to give 900 pieces of paper each week to each student.

     But, with all this technology, there's always the risk that the machines will break down. So, in case of a

power failure or technical problems, paper textbooks are still widely available for these hi-tech students.

1. All of the following is not needed in a paperless classroom EXECPT _____.

A. pens

B. pencils

C. test papers

D. paper textbooks

2. The example of Judy Harrell's class mainly shows us that _____.

A. computers can offer more updated information than books

B. computers are the best teachers

C. his class is better equipped than others'

D. high school students are interested in wars

3. We can infer from the text that _____.

A. there are some disadvantages about paperless classrooms

B. a paper classroom is a big step towards reducing the waste of paper

C. only students in the US have benefited from paperless classrooms

D. there are already a large number of students using paperless classrooms

4. The purpose of writing this text is probably to _____.

A. show how well a paperless classroom can prevent the waste of paper

B. tell us the news about a new technology in classrooms

C. inform us how we will benefit from paperless classrooms

D. advise all schools to use paperless classrooms