问题 问答题 简答题

简述颅底骨折的临床表现与处理要点。

答案

参考答案:

(1)临床表现:①伤后逐渐出现眼眶周围、耳后乳突、枕后皮下、咽后粘膜或眼球结膜出血瘀斑。②耳鼻、口咽部出血和/或脑脊液耳漏、鼻漏。③颅神经损伤症状。颅底骨折常为线形骨折,颅底片仅30%显示骨折线,诊断主要靠临床表现,如果出现上述三项之一者,即可诊断为颅底骨折。

(2)处理要点:①应用抗生素预防颅内感染;②保持外耳道鼻腔清洁,严禁填塞、冲洗;③避免腰穿,以免引起逆行颅内感染;④静卧,取头高位,避免各种引起鼻腔内压力增高的因素如用力咳嗽、打喷嚏;⑤脑脊液漏一般于伤后3~7天自行停止,如1个月不愈者,可考虑脑脊液漏修补术。此外,还应处理合并发生的脑与血管损伤等。

问答题
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Win a trip to the OREGON COAST-Dare to Explore the Pacific Ocean. Build the biggest sand castle on the beach. Search tide pools for sea life. Watch the bright orange sunset over the ocean. Whether you’ve been to the Pacific Ocean before or have only closed your eyes and imagined it, we want to know how you would explore the Oregon Coast if you had the chance to go this summer.

JUDGING

1. Clear relationship between the Essay and the Drawing 40%

2. Creativity and skill in design and form of the Drawing 40%

3. Expression of the passion to draw and explore 10%

4. Journalistic quality, tidy nature and overall quality of the Essay 10%

PRIZE

By entering, you will have the chance to win an all expense paid trip to the ORECON COAST. Activities will include: kite flying, studying beautiful sea creatures, searching for sea life in a boat, science exploration at a science center and roasting over a beach campfire.

Who may enter: The competition is 0pen to kids aged 6 - 14.

TERM :  Entries(参赛作品) must be postmarked no later than July 31 ,2009.

How to enter

Surf travelogue. com/kids to download and print out an entry form.

Be sure to mark whether you have or have not been to the Pacific Ocean in山e form. Create a drawing of the Pacific Ocean on a piece of paper using a pen or paints.

Write an article of 100 words or less to explain why you want to go, what you think you would see and what you would explore if you have never been to the Pacific Ocean, or describe your favorite memories from your last visit.

Send to Dare to Explore the Pacific Ocean. NG1145 14th street NW. Washington D. C. 20036

72. What is the most important for the judging?

A. Whether your article is written in a neat way. 

B. The article and the drawing should be closely related.

C.Whether you show your passion to draw and explore

D. The skill in your drawing the map of the AtlanticOcean.

73. If you win the competition, you may____

A. fly a kite on the beach          B. search the beach for sea plants

C. roast the sea creatures over a beach campfire 

D. win an all expense paid trip to Washington D. C.

74. What information can you get from the passage?

A. Your article should be 8t least 100 words.

B. Every kid can rake part in the competition.

C. You must send the drawing before June 31, 2009.

D. Your entry form should be downloaded and printed out.

75. You can most probably read the passage in ________ .         .

A.a textbook B.a travel guide     C.a newspaper D.a research book