问题 问答题 论述题

西方近代科学教育思潮述评。

答案

参考答案:

科学主义教育思潮源于近代英国的经验主义,文艺复兴时期自然科学的发展为科学主义教育思潮的产生奠定了坚实的基础。从19世纪二三十年代到19世纪末,经过实证主义和马赫主义两个阶段的发展,科学主义逐渐成为西方占主导地位的教育思潮,科学主义教育思潮随之产生。20世纪初期,科学主义教育成为影响各国教育改革的主要指导思想。二战后,科学主义教育思潮不断得到强化,以致走向极端。 

(2)科学主义教育者认为教育是以社会需要、国家需要为其生存基础的,因而在社会与个人、物质与精神的关系上存在重社会、轻个人,重物质、轻精神的倾向。它把培养学生的科学精神和逻辑思维能力、造就社会实用人才作为教育目标,认为人们用科学知识就能完全解决人类生存和发展的全部问题,所以在课程设置上,科学技术知识占据核心地位。科学主义教育认为,在教学中要以教师为“中心”,把学生看做被动的个体,忽视学生的兴趣、爱好等心理因素;认为受教育者要按照严格的科学程序和固定的人才培养模式学习,其步骤与过程是一成不变的,这是一种固定的、僵化的学习进程。它把自然界完全还原为数的世界,反对主观意志,使用数量分析的方法对教育现象及规律进行量化研究,仅以行为的结果作为评价教育成效的唯一目标。 

(3)科学主义教育认为科学是社会发展的决定力量,是探索真理、有效控制自然界和解答个人及社会问题的一种正确途径,只有科学的不断发展进步,人们才能有效地认识世界、改造世界。它重视教育的直接社会作用,一方面有利于培养学生的科学态度和精神,有利于促进科技的发展与进步,但另一方面它忽视了教育更为深刻的、促进人的全面和谐发展的责任。

阅读理解

A new study of 8,000 young people in the Journal of Health and Social Behavior shows that although love can make adults live healthily and happily,it is a bad thing for young people.Puppy love(早恋)may bring stress for young people and can lead to depression(忧郁症).The study shows that girls become more depressed than boys,and younger girls are the worst of all.

The possible reason for the connection between love and higher risk of depression for girls is “loss of self”.According to the study,even though boys would say “lose themselves in a romantic relationship”,this “loss of self” is much more likely to lead to depression when it happens to girls.Young girls who have romantic relationships usually like hiding their feelings and opinions.They won’t tell that to their parents.

Dr Marianm Kaufman,an expert on young people problems,says 15% to 20% young people will have depression during their growing.Trying romance often causes the depression.She advises kids not to jump into romance too early.During growing up,it is important for young people to build strong friendships and a strong sense of self.She also suggests the parents should encourage their kids to keep close to their friends,attend more interesting school activities and spend enough time with family.

Parents should watch for signs of depression—eating or mood changes—and if they see signs from their daughters or sons,they need to give help.The good news is that the connection between romance and depression seems to become weak with age.Love will always make us feel young,but only maturity(成熟)gives us a chance to avoid its bad side effects.

小题1:What’s the main idea of the passage?

A.Romance is good for young people.

B.Parents should forbid their children’s love.

C.Romance is a two ­edged sword for adults.

D.Puppy love may bring young people depression.小题2:Which of the following is more likely to have depression?

A.Young girls who always hide their feelings and opinions.

B.Young boys whose parents watch for their behavior.

C.Young people who have a strong sense of selfishness.

D.Careless parents whose children are deep in love.小题3:What can be inferred from the passage?

A.Lacking love can lead young people to grow up more quickly.

B.The older a woman is,the less likely she seems to lose herself in romance.

C.Parents should help their children to be aware of the signs of depression.

D.Early love makes young people keep close to their friends and parents.小题4:What’s the author’s attitude towards puppy love?

A.Confused

B.Scared

C.Disinterested

D.Disapproving

单项选择题 A1/A2型题