问题 问答题

家庭是孩子最早接触的社会环境,儿童在家庭中生活时间最长,受到父母的影响最多。因此,心理学家认为“家庭是制造人类性格的工厂”。试根据上述观点阐述家庭对儿童性格形成与发展的影响。

答案

参考答案:

“家庭是制造人类性格的工厂”这一论断,说明家庭对儿童性格形成与发展具有极为重要的影响。具体体现为:

(1)父母的教养态度:在专制型教养方式下长大的孩子,容易形成消极、顺从、懦弱等性格的特点:在放任型教养方式下长大的孩子,多表现出任性、独立性差、自我中心等性格特点;在民主型教养方式下长大的孩子,容易形成活泼、自立、乐于合作等性格特点。

(2)家庭氛围:家庭氛围主要取决于家庭中的夫妻关系。如果夫妻关系融洽,孩子在家中感到愉快、有安全感,容易形成开朗、活泼等性格特点;如果夫妻关系对立,孩子在家中缺乏安全感、情绪不稳定,则容易形成紧张、焦虑和不安等性格特点。

(3)家庭结构:破裂家庭的孩子由于得不到家庭的温暖和正常的教育,容易形成悲观、孤僻等性格特征;完整家庭的孩子由于能得到父母的关爱,容易形成乐观、开朗等性格特点。

(4)父母言行:父母是孩子学习的榜样,孩子会经常模仿父母的言行,因此父母的言论和行为会迁移默化地影响孩子性格的发展。父母言行一致,孩子容易养成诚实等性格特点;父母言行不一则孩子容易养成说谎等特点。

阅读理解

阅读理解。

     Mr Smith was in trouble those days. He drove a car for Mr Black, a rich businessman. He worked hard

and the shopkeeper liked him. But he couldn't work when he drank too much. And once he almost fell into

the river when he drove along the bridge. Mr Black became angry and was going to send him away. He had

a big family and was afraid of it and promised (许诺) he would stop drinking at once. The man told him to

wait to be dealt with (处置).

     One Monday morning Mr Smith came into the office with badly burned ears.

     "What happened to your ears?" asked Mr Black.

     "Well", said the man. "I went to watch a football match yesterday while my wife was ironing (熨) clothes.

She had put the iron (熨斗) nearthe telephone before she went to cook supper. Our team lost the game and I

felt sorry for it. As soon as I went in the sitting-room, the phone rang and I answered the iron!"

     "And what happened to the other ear?"

     "When I put the iron down the table, the telephone rang again!"

1. _____, so he almost drove the car into the river. [ ]

A. Mr Smith was not careful

B. Mr Smith drank too much

C. Mr Smith forget they were on the bridge

D. Mr Smith couldn't work in the morning

2. Mr Smith went to watch the football match _____. [ ]

A. Monday

B. Tuesday

C. Saturday

D. Sunday

3. We can guess          . [ ]

A. Mr Smith drank much after the match

B. Mr Smith was very angry with his team

C. Mr Smith didn't drink those days

D. Mr Smith watched the match those days

4. The ______ badly burned Mr Smith's ears. [ ]

A. telephone

B. drinking

C. iron

D. irons

5. What would happen to Mr Smith? [ ]

A. He would go on driving for Mr Black.

B. He would join his football team.

C. He would never watch any matches.

D. Mr Black would send him away.

单项选择题