问题 阅读理解与欣赏

阅读下面的文字,完成后面题目。(共9分,每题3分)

粗犷与细腻

①偶然翻阅齐白石的画册,从中得到很大的启示。

②画册中有不少粗犷的意笔和精细的工笔相结合的画幅。这类作品白石老人画了不少。它们大抵是某种植物和一两只草虫结合在一起。植物用意笔,草虫用工笔。那些莲叶、树丛,大抵像泼墨似的,粗犷豪放,好像是用大笔饱蘸了墨汁随便挥洒而成;而那些蝉、蚱蜢,则画得精细极了,那真是刻意求工画出来的。纤细的触须、翅膀上的脉纹、虫脚上的钩齿都历历可辨。这些粗犷和细腻的笔墨结合在一起,使它们互相衬托,相得益彰。

③在齐白石的画册中还有一些值得注意的现象:有一些这类的作品,只画好了一半。这一半不是人们想象的那“容易画”的泼墨植物,而是那些工笔的草虫。显然在画家的心目中,寥寥几笔的泼墨,有时要比工笔画还难得多,他要留待精神特别好的时候才下笔,不幸有一些还没画成,画师就弃世了。

④粗犷和细腻,意笔和工笔,概括和精巧,辽阔的背景和清晰的事物相结合,是艺术上一项重要的表现方法。以这些画为例,由于有泼墨而成的植物存在,就使人觉得那翅脉毕现的草虫不是活动在一张白纸上,而是藏身在茂密深邃的草莽和树丛中间,而这一切又使草虫显得更加玲珑小巧。

⑤像这一类的表现方法,常常被许多深知此中奥妙的人贯穿到艺术各部门中去。在表现层峦叠嶂、境界深远的画幅中,我们有时会看到一个须眉可辨的老人立在近处;在音乐中,有“四弦一声如裂帛 ”的音节,也有“大珠小珠落玉盘 ”的旋律;在戏剧中,有匆匆忙忙打斗几下就过场的戏,也有一生一旦唱它半天的精工片断……那道理,原是相通的。在文学中,这种例子不胜枚举。杜甫的诗:“两个黄鹂鸣翠柳,一行白鹭上青天。窗含西岭千秋雪,门泊东吴万里船。”前两句多么细腻,后两句多么粗犷!把这首小诗和白石老人的草虫画放在一起,你不禁惊异地发现:他们生活的时代虽然相距千年以上,所致力的艺术门类也不相同,但他们在掌握艺术法则的精髓上却是完全一致的。

⑥既概括而又细腻,这是一种艺术表现方法。

⑦从这么一种重要的表现手法,我想到:艺术要求强烈,因此概括要粗放,刻画要细腻。唯有如此,才能干净利落而又形象饱满。事物是辩证的,因此用来反映事物的艺术方法也应该是辩证的。

⑧简要概括和精雕细刻都要求我们不惜功夫,有时在简要概括上所用的劲也许比精雕细刻还大些。

小题1:从齐白石画册一些只画好一半的作品中,本文作者得到了什么启示?选出回答正确的一项(  ) 

A.在人们的想象中,泼墨画比工笔画容易画。

B.在画家的心目中,泼墨画比工笔画难画得多。

C.简要概括和精雕细刻都要求我们不惜功夫。

D.有时在简要概括上所用的劲也许比精雕细刻还大些。小题2:选出对第⑤段的文意理解不正确的一项(  )

A.在表现层峦叠嶂、境界深远的画幅中,立在近处的须眉可辨的老人属画中的工笔。

B.在戏剧中,既有过场戏,又有精工的片段,这与绘画中既有意笔、又有工笔的道理是相通的。

C.在杜甫的小诗中,前两句细腻,后两句粗犷,可见后两句的作用是衬托前两句的。

D.处于不同的时代、从事不同的艺术门类、并且经历也大不相同的艺术家却可以掌握相同的艺术法则。小题3:根据文意,概括说明运用既概括而又细腻的表现方法能够到达怎样的艺术效果。

                                                                                           

                                                                                           

答案

小题1:D

小题2:C

小题3:使表现强烈,干净利落而又形象饱满,并体现事物之间的辨证关系。

小题1:

题目分析:A是人们的想象;B缺少“有时”两字;C停留于一般的认识,缺乏对两者比较后的深刻体会。解答此类题时要逐项与原文比较,比较时一定要细致。

小题2:

题目分析:细腻与粗犷的关系是相互衬托,相得益彰。解答此类题时要回到原文,找到上下文的语境,仔细比较、分析。

小题3:

题目分析:抓住文段最后“我想到:艺术要求强烈,因此概括要粗放,刻画要细腻。唯有如此,才能干净利落而又形象饱满。事物是辩证的,因此用来反映事物的艺术方法也应该是辩证的”概括即可。解答此类题时要回到原文,找到上下文的语境,然后再概括、归纳重要信息。

选择题
阅读理解

My mind went blank when I saw the gun pointing against the car window as we pulled out of the garage. This can't be happening to me. Then I felt the gun, cold, against my head, and I heard my friend Jeremy saying,“What do you want? Take my wallet,” but at the time I thought of nothing.

I remember being a little annoyed when the gunman pulled me from the car by the hair. I remember the walk to the house—Jeremy, me, the two men with two guns. I remember the fear and anger in the gunmen's voices because Jeremy was being slow, and I remember wondering why he was being slow. I did not realize that Jeremy had thrown the keys into the bush. But I remember that sound of the gun hitting Jeremy's head and the feeling as the man who had hold of my hair released me. And I remember the split second when I realized he was looking at Jeremy,and I remember wondering how far I could run before he pulled the trigger. But I was already running, and upon reaching the car across the street, I didn't crouch (蹲伏) behind it but screamed instead.

I remember thinking there was something ridiculous and illogical about screaming “Help, help!” at eight o'clock on a Tuesday evening in December and changing my plea(恳求) to the  more specific “Help, let me in, please let me in!” But the houses were cold, closed, unfriendly, and I ran on until I heard Jeremy's screams behind me announcing that our attackers had fled.

The neighbors who had not opened their doors to us came out with baseball bats and helped Jeremy find his glasses and keys. In a group they were very brave. We waited for the police to  come until someone said to someone else that the noodles were getting cold, and I said politely,“Please go and eat. We're OK.”

I was happy to see them go. They had been talking of stricter sentences for criminals, of  bringing back the death penalty(处罚) and how the President is going to clean up the country. I  was thinking, they could be saying all of this over my dead body, and I still feel that stiffer  sentences wouldn't change a thing. In a rush all the anger I should have felt for my attackers was  directed against these contented people standing in front of their warm, comfortable homes  talking about all the guns they were going to buy. What good would guns have been to Jeremy  and me?

People all over the neighborhood had called to report our screams, and the police turned out  in force twenty minutes later. They were ill­tempered about what was, to them, much trouble  about nothing.  After all, Jeremy was hardly hurt, and we were hopeless when it came to  describing the gunmen. “Typical,” said one policeman when we couldn't even agree on how tall  the men were.  Both of us were able to describe the guns in horrifying detail, but the two  policemen who stayed to make the report didn't think that would be much help.

The policemen were matter­of­fact about the whole thing. The thin one said,“That was a  stupid thing to do, throwing away the keys. When a man has a gun against your head you do  what you're told.” Jeremy looked properly embarrassed.

Then the fat policeman came up and the thin one went to look around the outside of the  house. “That was the best thing you could have done, throwing away the keys,” he said. “If you  had gone into the house with them...” His voice became weaker. “They would have hurt her” ——he twisted his head toward me——“and killed you both.” Jeremy looked happier. “Look,” said the fat policeman kindly, “ there's no right or wrong in the situation. There's just luck.”

All that sleepless night I replayed the moment those black gloves came up to the car  window. How long did the whole thing last? Three minutes, five, eight? No matter how many  hours of my life I may spend reliving it, I know there is no way to prepare for the next time—no  intelligent response to a gun. The fat cop was right. There's only luck. The next time I might end up dead.

And I’m sure there will be a next time.  It can happen anywhere, anytime, to anyone.Security is an illusion(幻觉); there is no safety in locks or in guns. Guns make some people feel safe and some people feel strong, but they're fooling themselves.

小题1:When the writer saw the gun pointing against the car window,________.

A.she felt very annoyed

B.she lost consciousness

C.she felt very much nervous

D.she lost the power of thinking小题2:What most possibly drove the two gunmen away?

A.Jeremy's fighting.

B.The author's screaming.

C.Their neighbour's brave action.

D.The police's arrival.小题3:When the author called for help, the neighbors didn't come out immediately because________.

A.they were much too frightened

B.they were busy preparing dinners

C.they needed time to find baseball bats

D.they thought someone was playing a trick小题4:What the author wants to tell us is that________.

A.neighbors are not helpful in moments of difficulty

B.the police are not reliable when one is in trouble

C.security is impossible as long as people can have guns

D.preventing robbers entering your house is the best choice