问题 问答题 简答题

试述肺炎球菌肺炎、克雷白杆菌肺炎、金黄色葡萄球菌肺炎的抗菌治疗原则。

答案

参考答案:

肺炎球菌肺炎:首选青霉素G,疗程5~7天或退热后3天停药。青霉素过敏者,可用红霉素、林可霉素或头孢霉素。

克雷白杆菌肺炎:首选氨基糖甙类抗生素,如庆大、卡那、妥布、丁胺卡那霉素等。重症者可加用氟喹诺酮类或三代头孢素,疗程约需10~14天。

金黄色葡萄球菌肺炎:多为严重感染,应早期、大剂量、联合应用抗生素。对青霉素G敏感者,可用青霉素G300万~1000万U/d。耐青霉素G菌株,可选用新型青霉素Ⅱ或Ⅲ、头孢霉素、万古霉素MRSA、可亚胺培南、氟喹诺酮类。用药有效者,24~48小时体温开始下降.7~8天逐渐恢复正常,多数疗程需7~14天。

单项选择题 A3/A4型题
阅读理解

阅读理解。

     In one way of thinking, failure is part of life. In another way, failure may be a way towards

success. The "spider-story" is often told. Robert Bruce, leader of the Scots in the 13th century,

was hiding in a cave from the English. He watched a spider making a web(网). The spider tried

to reach across a rough place in the rock. He tried six times. On the seventh time he made it and

went on to make his web. Bruce is said to have been encouraged by this and to have gone on to

defeat the English. Edison, the inventor of the light bulb, made hundreds of models that failed

before he found the right way to make one. Once he was asked why he kept on trying to make

a new type of battery when he had failed so often, he replied, "Failure? I have no failure. Now

I know 50,000 ways it won't work."

    So what? First, always think about your failure. What caused it? Were conditions right? Were

you in top form yourself? What can you change so things will go right next time?

    Second, is the goal you're trying to reach the right one? Try to do some thinking about what

your real goals may be. Think about this question, "If I do succeed in this, where will it get me?"

This may help you prevent failure in things you shouldn't be doing anyway.

    The third thing to keep in mind about failure is that it's a part of life. Learn to "live with yourself"

even though you may have failed.

1. In the first paragraph the writer tells mainly about _____.

A. the value of failure  

B. how people fail

C. famous failures      

D. how not to fail

2. The thing the writer does not tell you to do to deal with failure is _____.

A. check out your goals to see if they are right for you

B. think about failure as part of your life

C. think about failure to find out what went wrong

D. keep away from things that are beyond you

3. Even if we have failed we should _____.

A. learn to forget it  

B. learn to remember it

C. learn to enjoy it  

D. learn to accept it