问题 问答题

第六题    调水工程

    某城市为解决城市供水水源问题,拟建设调水工程,由市域内大清河跨流域调水到碧河的碧河水库,年均调水量为1.87×107m3,设计引水流量为0.75m3/s,碧河水库现有兴利库容为3×107m3,主要使用功能拟由“防洪,农业灌溉供水,水产养殖”调整为“防洪,城市供水和农业灌溉供水”。

    本工程由引水枢纽和输水工程两部分组成。引水枢纽位于大清河上游,由引水低坝、进水闸和冲沙闸组成,坝址处多年平均径流量9.12×107m3,坝前回水约3.2km,输水工程全长42.94km,由引水隧洞和管道组成,其中引水隧洞长19.51km,洞项埋深8~32m。引水隧洞进口接引水枢纽,出口与DN1300的预应力混凝土输水管相连,输水管道管顶埋深为1.8~2.5m,管线总长为23.43km。

    按工程设计方案,坝前回水淹没耕地9hm2,不涉及居民搬迁,工程施工弃渣总量为17万m3。工程弃渣方案拟设置两个集中式弃渣场,消纳引水枢纽工程和引水隧洞工程的弃渣。1#弃渣场容量8.9万m3,位于引水枢纽坝址下游的河滩上;2#弃渣场容量120万m3,位于引水隧洞出口附近的一荒沟内,弃渣场均设计有挡渣设施。工程施工道路主要依靠乡村道路。

    某城市所在区域多年平均降水量410mm,土地沙化、荒漠化趋势严重,工程区分布有面积不等的固定沙地、半固定沙地、流动沙丘,引水工程沿线以沙生植被为主。大清河坝址处水质满足《地表水环境质量标准》(GB 3838—2002)Ⅱ类标准要求,拟建引水坝址下游5km为大清河灌区,该灌区是该城市粮食主产区,以大清河为主要灌溉水源。经水资源论证,调水工程不影响该灌区用水。

        [问题]

给出引水隧洞工程涉及的主要环境问题。

答案

参考答案:根据该工程的项目特点及题中相关信息,引水隧洞工程涉及的主要环境问题有: (1)隧道施工排(疏)水引起地下水径流或流场变化的问题。 (2)隧洞顶部农作物、植被及植物生长受影响问题。 (3)隧道弃渣处理与利用问题。 (4)隧道施工可能导致的塌方、滑坡等地质灾害及其环境影响问题。 (5)隧洞洞口结构、形式与周边景观的协调问题。 (6)隧洞施工引起的噪声与扬尘污染影响以及生产生活污水排放的污染问题。

单项选择题
填空题

Part 4


Questions 26-45


·Read the following passage and decide which answer bestfits each space.
·For questions 26-45, mark one letter A, B, C or D on the Answer Sheet.
The "standard of living" of any country means the (26) person’s share of the goods and services which the country produces. A country’s standard of living, therefore depends (27) and foremost on its capacity to produce wealth. "Wealth" in this (28) is not money, for we do not live on money (29) on things that money can buy: "goods" such as food and clothing, and "services" such as (30) and "entertainment".
A country’s capacity to produce wealth depends upon many factors, most of which have an effect (31) one another. Wealth depends (32) a great extent upon a country’s natural resources. Some regions of the world are well supplied with coal and minerals, and have a (33) soil and a favorable climate; other regions (34) none of them.
Next to natural resources (35) the ability to turn them to use. China is perhaps as well off as the USA in natural resources, but suffered for many years from (36) and external wars, and for this and other reasons was incapable (37) her resources. Sound and (38) political conditions, and freedom from foreign invasion, enable a country to develop its natural resources peacefully and steadily, and to produce more wealth than another country (39) well served by nature but less well ordered.
A country’s standard of living does not only depend upon the wealth that is produced and (40) within its own borders, but also upon what is indirectly produced through international trade. For example, Britain’s wealth in foodstuffs and other agricultural products would be much (41) if she had to depend only on those grown at home. Trade makes it possible for her surplus manufactured goods to be traded abroad for the agricultural products that would (42) be lacking. A country’s wealth is, therefore, much (43) by its manufacturing capacity, (44) that other countries can be found ready to (45) its manufactures.

A.pose

B.possess

C.posse

D.posset