问题 问答题

中央银行有何职能

答案

参考答案:中央银行具有以下的职能:
(1)中央银行是“发行的银行”
所谓的发行银行是指中央银行垄断了全国的货币发行权,成为一国惟一的货币发行机关。这是其与商业银行和其他金融机构的不同之处,也是中央银行发挥其职能的基础。中央银行垄断货币的发行权,有利于其调节与管理货币流通,控制货币供应量,维持货币的稳定。
(2)中央银行是“政府的银行”
中央银行作为政府的银行是指其拥有管理全国金融机构的权力,是一国货币政策的指定者与执行者,又是国家信用的提供者,并代理国家财政收支及提供各种金融服务。具体地说,其职能有:第一,代理国库业务;第二,对政府提供信用;第三,管理金融活动,调节一国经济;第四,代表政府参与国际金融活动;第五,经政府授权,保管全国的黄金与外汇储备。
(3)中央银行是“银行的银行”
作为中央银行的特殊职能,其对商业银行和其他金融机构发挥着特殊的作用。第一,吸收与保管存款准备金,以加强存款机构的清偿能力。一旦发生信用危机,中央银行可给予资金支持。中央银行也可通过存款准备金率的变动来调节一国的货币供应量。第二,充当最后贷款人,对商业银行提供信贷。当商业银行和其他金融机构发生资金短缺或周转不灵时,可以向中央银行要求资金融通。中央银行一般通过票据的再贴现向商业银行提供融资贷款,而贴现率的高低也就成了中央银行调控货币供应量的重要杠杆。第三,作为全国票据清算中心,组织全国票据清算事宜。中央银行作为清算银行可为各商业银行和金融机构间货币的收付转账提供快捷便利的服务,解决单个银行清算的困难。

阅读理解

If a business wants to sell its products internationally, it had better do some market research first. This is a lesson that some large American corporations have learned the hard way.

What’s in the name?

Sometimes the problem is the name. When General Motors introduced its Chevy Nova into Latin America, it overlooked the fact that Nova in Spanish means “It doesn’t go”. Sure enough, the Chevy Nova never went anywhere in Latin America.

Translation problems

Sometimes it is the slogan that doesn’t work. No company knows this better than Pepsi-Cola, with its “Come alive with Pepsi!” campaign. The campaign was so successful in the United States , Pepsi translated its slogan literally for its international campaign. As it turned out , the translations weren’t quite right. Pepsi was begging Germans to “Come out of the grave(坟墓)” and telling the Chinese that “Pepsi brings your ancestors(老祖宗) back from the grave.”

A picture’s worth a thousand words

Other times, the problem involves packaging . A picture of a smiling baby has helped sell countless jars of Gerber baby food. When Gerber started selling baby food in Africa, they used the same packaging as in the US, with the smiling baby on the label. Later they learned that in African countries, the picture on the jar shows what the jar has in it, for many people there can’t read.

Twist of fate

Even the culture and religious factors and pure coincidence can be involved. Thorn McAn shoes have a Thorn McAn “signature” inside. To people in Bangladesh, which is a Muslim country, this signature looked like Arabic script for the word Allah. In that country, feet are considered unclean, and Muslims felt the company was offending God’s name by having people walk on it.

小题1:From the text we learned that _________.

A.Chevy Nova was brought in Latin America

B.General Motors did the best market research of all companies

C.Pepsi still sold well in China owing to the translation problems

D.the “Come alive with Pepsi” campaign worked well in the US小题2:What was “Gerber’s problem”?

A.A translation problem

B.Cultural factor

C.Religious factor

D.The picture on the jar小题3:For what reason were Thorn McAn shoes turned down in Bangladesh?

A.They are not designed attractively

B.Their advertisements are not persuasive

C.A signature looking like the word Allah was in the shoes

D.Problem for Thorn McAn was the company’s name小题4:What does the text mainly tell us?

A.Lessons from some large corporations.

B.How to make use of advertisements

C.The importance of market research

D.The importance of packaging

问答题 简答题