问题 问答题 简答题

简述计划免疫接种时的护理要点。

答案

参考答案:

预防接种时的护理要点:

(1)严格查对。仔细核对儿童姓名和年龄;严格按照规定的剂量接种;注意预防接种的次数,按各种制品要求的间隔时间接种;

(2)生物制品的准备。检查制品标签,包括名称、批号、有效期及生产单位,并做好登记;检查安瓿有无裂痕,药液有无发霉、异物、凝块、变色或冻结等;按规定方法稀释、溶解、摇匀后使用;

(3)严格无菌操作。要做到每人一副无菌注射器、一个无菌针头;抽吸后安瓿内如有剩余药液,需用无菌干纱布覆盖安瓿口,在空气中放置不能超过2小时;接种后剩余药液应废弃,活菌苗应烧毁;

(4)局部消毒。用2%碘酊及75%乙醇或0.5%聚维酮碘(碘伏)消毒皮肤,待干后注射;接种活疫苗、菌苗时,只用75%乙醇消毒,因活疫苗、菌苗易被碘酊杀死,从而影响接种效果;

(5)健康教育。做好记录及预约,保证接种及时、全程及足量,避免重种及漏种,未接种者须注明原因,必要时进行补种;同时,宣教接种后的注意事项及护理措施;

(6)严格掌握预防接种的禁忌证。

阅读理解

阅读理解

     When the lazy days of summer arrive and the schedule is packed with swimming, camp, and family

vacations, it can be a challenge to find time for learning. But kids' reading skills don't have to grow cold

once school's out. Here are some ways to make reading a natural part of their summer fun:

     Explore your library. Visit your local library to check out books and magazines that your kids haven't

seen before. Many libraries have summer reading programs, book clubs, and reading contests for even

the youngest borrowers. With a new library card, a child will feel extra grownup checking out books.

     Read on the road. Going on a long car trip? Make sure the back seat is stocked with favorite reads.

When you're not at the wheel, read the books aloud. Get some audiobooks (many libraries have large

selections) and listen to them together during driving time.

     Make your own books. Pick one of your family's favorite parts of summer-whether it's baseball, ice

cream, or the pool-and have your child draw pictures of it or cut out pictures from magazines. Stick the

pictures onto paper to make a booklet and write text for it. When you're done, read the book together.

Reread it whenever you like!

     Keep in touch. Kids don't have to go away to write about summer vacation. Even if your family stays

home, they can send postcards to tell friends and relatives about their adventures. Ask a relative to be

your child's pen pal and encourage them to write each week.

     Keep up the reading habits. Even if everything else changes during the summer, keep up the reading

routines around your house. Read with your kids every day-whether it's just before bedtime or under a

shady tree on a lazy afternoon. And don't forget to take a book to the beach!Just_brush_the_sand_off_

the_pages-it's_no_sweat!

1. The purpose of the passage is to________.

A. encourage parents to read

B. give advice on raising kids

C. raise a good summer reader

D. suggest places for vacations

2. If you drive on a long trip in summer, you can________.

A. visit the local library and join book clubs

B. borrow some audiobooks to listen to

C. keep in touch with friends by sending postcards

D. read your own picture books with your son

3. By saying "Just brush the sand off the pages-it's no sweat", the author means________.

A. taking away the sand on the book is very difficult

B. a special book is needed when you're reading on the beach

C. one can remove the sand on the book with a brush easily

D. there's no trouble reading even on the beach

4. Who are the intended readers of the passage?

A. Parents.  

B. Students.

C. Teachers.  

D. Editors.

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