问题 问答题

设三阶实对称矩阵A的各行元素之和均为3,向量α1=(-1,2,-1)T,α2=(0,-1,1)T是线性方程组Ax=0的两个解.
(1)求A的特征值与特征向量.
(2)求正交矩阵Q和对角矩阵Λ,使得QTAQ=Λ.

答案

参考答案:(1) 依题意,
因为
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所以矩阵A的特征值是3,α=(1,1,1,)T是A属于3的特征向量.
又因为Aα1=0=0α1,Aα2=0=0α2,所以α1,α2是矩阵A属于λ=0的特征向量.所以矩阵A的特征值是3,0,0,且λ=0的特征向量为:
k1(-1,2,-1)T+k2(0,-1,1)T(k1,k2是不全为0的常数),λ=3的特征向量为k(1,1,1)T(k≠0为常数).
(2) 因为α1,α2不正交,故要作Schmidt正交化:
β11=(-1,2,-1)T
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单位化:
[*]
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解析:[考点提示] 矩阵的特征值和特征向量、相似矩阵、对角矩阵.

单项选择题

I will never forget the year I was about twelve years old. My mother told us that we would not be (16) Christmas gifts because there was not enough money. I felt sad and thought, "What would I say when the other kids asked what I’ d (17) " Just when I started to (18) that there would not be a Christmas that year, three women (19) at our house with gifts for all of us. For me they brought a doll. I felt such a sense of (20) that I would no longer have to be embarrassed when I returned to school. I wasn’t (21) . Somebody had thought (22) of me to bring me a gift.

Years later, when I stood in the kitchen of my new house, thinking how I wanted to make my (23) Christmas there special and memorable, I (24) remembered the women’s visit. I decided that I wanted to create that same feeling of (25) for as many children as I could possibly reach.

So I (26) a plan and gathered forty people from my company to help. We gathered about 125 orphans (孤儿) at the Christmas party. For every child, we wrapped colorful packages filled with

toys, clothes, and school supplies, (27) with a child’ s name. We wanted all of them to know they were (28) Before I called out their names and handed them their gifts, I (29) them that they couldn’t open their presents (30) every child had come forward. Finally the (31) they had been waiting for came as I called out, "One, two, three. Open your presents!" As the children opened their packages, their faces beamed and their bright smiles (32) up the room. The (33) in the room was obvious, and (34) wasn’ t just about toys. It was a feeling, and the feeling I knew (35) that Christmas so long ago when the women came to visit. I wasn’t forgotten. Somebody thought of me. I matter.

24().

A. hardly

B. instantly

C. regularly

D. occasionally

单项选择题