问题 问答题

请根据“给定资料1~7”概述我国教育事业特别是义务教育事业发展不均衡的问题有哪些,并指出哪一问题是导致教育事业发展不均衡的关键所在,并简要说明理由。
要求:概括全面,条理清楚,语言流畅,不超过500字。

答案

参考答案:近年来,我国教育事业的发展取得了不俗的成就,但也存在诸多问题,主要有如下方面:①政府承担教育事业的责任主体地位不清,特别是在义务教育事业方面政府责任严重缺失;②国家发展教育事业的投入总额占财政经常性收入比重较低,投入总额严重不足,而且投入偏重城市,忽视农村;③东中西部、城乡、学校之间教育教人与发展严重失衡,发展差距较大;④各级政府投入责任脱离实际,“以县为主”层级偏低,不能有效地解决教育事业发展的根本问题;⑤教育事业发展过程中不正之风未能遏止。
关键问题是:国家发展教育事业的责任主体地位未能有效确立。原因如下:长期以来,我国教育投入的体制与机制一直未能科学,理性地构建,1985年《中 * * 关于教育体制改革的决定》规定要实行“三级办学、县乡两级管理”的体制,把本应由中央政府承担的兴办教育的责任转移给地方,导致地区差异更加扩大的恶性循环。2001年国务院《关于基础教育改革与发展的决定》,要求以县为主来统筹管理全县教育,还是没有从根本上解决我国义务教育体制上所存在的主要问题,它依然是一种“地方负责,分级管理”,并采取“多渠道筹资”的教育投入体制。由上可知,目前我国教育实施中所出现的不公平问题,最终都应归因于政府政策和教育体制。

解析: 这是一道概述题。从给定资料反映的信息看,材料1和材料2反映的是中考、高考的非正常加分问题,材料3反映的是义务教育主体的问题,材料4是一篇调查报告中对东西部教育投入的对比严重失衡问题,材料5反映的是由于义务教育投入主体定位失策导致的教育不公问题,材料6在此题中属于无用信息,材料7则是从《义务教育法》的角度求证政府的主要责任主体地位问题,与回答问题间接相关。这样,由几则材料反映的信息并加以引申,即可概括出当前我国教育事业发展中存在的各种问题,而且关键问题是政府主体责任的失范,再对此稍加阐述即可完成答案。

填空题
阅读理解

Ⅲ. 阅读(共两节,满分40分)

第一节:阅读理解(共15题;每小题2分,满分30分)

Anyone who is addicted to reading bus tickets or cereal packets will understand the appeal of poems on the underground. Some years ago, a few acquaintances who lived and worked in London , who used the Tube and loved poetry, decided that it would be pleasant to read a few lines by their favorite poets as they traveled around by Tube, instead of just glancing upwards at the tiresome advertisements. The underground had a surplus (剩余的)of advertising space on the trains. They suggested filling the blank space on the trains, for the entertainment of the traveling public.

The poems took on a new life when they were removed from books and placed alongside the adverts. Commuters enjoyed the idea of reading Keats’“Much have I traveled in the realms of gold” on a crowded Central Line train, or trying to learn by heart a sonnet between Hammersmith and Piccadilly. The choice of poems wasn’t arbitrary (随机的)but specially chosen. It catered for all tastes including living and dead poems from the homeland and from all over the English-speaking world, and especially poems which have association with London.

The success of the poems on the underground enterprises confirmed that Britain was a nation of poetry lovers. Hundreds of people corresponded with London Underground suggesting poems, or just to say thank you. In January 1989, on the third anniversary after the first poems on the Underground, London Underground promised to donate all the spaces free, to increase the number available (at least one poem in each train carriage), and to pay for the production costs as well. They also updated the poems every few months. Posters of the poems decorated the British Council libraries throughout the world, but the best way to view the poems is to see them by yourselves, on whichever train you choose, in every zone of the network—for the price of an underground ticket.

41.Which of the following is the best title for the passage?

A. Shelly and Keat’s Poems  

B. The Poems on the Underground

C. Travelling on the Tube in London   

D. The Poems about London

42.The poems were _________.

A. removed from books and placed in empty advertising spaces

B. taken from throughout the English-speaking world and chosen to please everyone

C. including poems about London by Shelly, Burns, Keats and by the commuters themselves

D. meant to be read aloud and learnt by heart

43. Which is the closest in meaning to “association”?

A.Connection.   B.Difference.   C.Similarity.  D.Comparison.

44. The best place to see the poem is ________.

A. in any train on the network                          

B. in libraries around the world

C. in trains on the Central Line and between Hammersmith and Piccadilly

D. in some carriage anywhere on the network

45. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage above?

A. People who like reading bus tickets advocate poems on the underground .

B. Spaces which were used for advertisements are now completely occupied by poems on the tube.

C. You can appreciate the poems you like at the cost of only a tube ticket in London.

D. The success of the poems on the underground indicates people’s love for the tube of London.