问题 选择题

钛冶炼厂与氯碱厂、甲醇厂组成一个产业链(如图所示),将大大提高资源的利用率,减少环境污染。

请回答下列问题:

(1)Fe的原子序数为26,其最外层电子数为2,请写出铁原子结构示意图_______。

(2)写出钛铁矿在高温下与焦炭经氯化得到四氯化钛的化学方程式              

(3)氯碱厂获得Cl2的离子方程式为                                       

 TiCl4MgMgCl2Ti
熔点/℃-25.0648.87141667
沸点/℃136.4109014123287
 

(4)由TiCl4→Ti反应后得到Mg、MgCl2、Ti的混合物,可采用真空蒸馏的方法分离得到Ti,依据下表信息,需加热的温度略高于          ℃即可。

(5)为了减少产业链生产时产生的工业三废对环境的威胁,当NaCl与FeTiO3的物质的量之比为      时,理论上Cl2的利用率最大。

答案

(1)

(2)2FeTiO3+6C+7Cl2高温2FeCl3+2TiCl4+6CO (2分)

(3)2Cl- + 2H2O  H2↑ + Cl2↑ + 2OH-(2分)

(4)1412 (2分)

(5)7:1

题目分析:(1)铁位于元素周期表的第4周期第Ⅷ族,是过渡金属元素的代表,原子序数为26,电子层结构为:

(2)从图示可知氯化时的反应物为FeTiO3、C、Cl2,生成物为FeCl3、TiCl4、CO,再根据得失电子和原子守恒即可得出该反应的方程式为FeTiO3+6C+7Cl2高温2FeCl3+2TiCl4+6CO;

(3)工业上用电解饱和NaCl溶液的方法来制取NaOH、Cl2和H2,并以它们为原料生产一系列化工产品,称为氯碱工业。阳极反应:2Cl-2e=Cl2↑(氧化反应);阴极反应:2H+2e=H2↑(还原反应);因此,电解饱和食盐水的总反应可以表示为:2Cl + 2H2O  H2↑ + Cl2↑ + 2OH

(4)Ar气中进行防止钛、镁被氧化;控制温度使TiCl4、Mg、MgCl2转化为蒸气,Ti不熔化,故温度略高于1412℃;

(5)根据2Cl + 2H2O  H2↑ + Cl2↑ + 2OH;再根据图示可知氯化时的反应物为FeTiO3、C、Cl2,生成物为FeCl3、TiCl4、CO,再根据得失电子和原子守恒即可得出该反应的方程式为2FeTiO3+6C+2FeCl3+2TiCl4+6CO,得出关系式2FeTiO~  7Cl~ 14NaCl,所以为了减少产业链生产时产生的工业三废对环境的威胁,当NaCl与FeTiO3的物质的量之比为7:1时,理论上Cl2的利用率最大。

完形填空

.

Changed Lives

In 1921, Lewis Lawes became the warden(监狱长) at Sing Sing Prison. No prison was kept    1    than Sing Sing during that time. But 20 years later, it had become a   2    place. When he was asked about the change, here's what he said, "I     3    it all to my wonderful wife, Catherine, who is    4    outside the prison walls."

Catherine Lawes was a young mother. Everybody    5   her from the beginning that she should never   6     foot inside the prison walls, but that didn’t     7    her! When the first prison basketball game was held, she went into the gym with her three beautiful kids and she sat in the stands with the prisoners.

She    8     getting to know them and their records. She    9    one convicted murderer was blind so she paid him a visit.    10   his hand in here she said, "Do you read Braille(布莱叶盲文)?" "What’s Braille?" he asked. Then she taught him how to read. Years later he would    11    in love for her.

Then, she was killed in a car accident. The next morning Lewis Lawes didn’t come to work, so the acting(代理) warden took his place. It seemed almost    12   that the prison knew something was    13    .

The following day , her body was resting in a casket(灵柩) in her home.   14   the acting warden took his early morning walk, he was   15   to see a large crowd of the toughest, hardest-looking prisoners   16    like a crowd of animals at the main gate. He came closer and 17   tears of grief(悲恸) and sadness. He turned and faced the men, "All right, men you can go. Just be sure and    18    tonight!" Then he opened the gate and a parade of prisoners  19   , without a guard, the three-quarters of a mile to stand in line to   20  their final respects to Catherine Lawes.

And every one of them came back . Every one!  

1. A. better          B. harder       C. older      D. tougher 

2. A. beautiful       B. wonderful    C. humanitarian    D. attractive

3. A. belong         B. give        C. contribute      D. owe

4. A. working        B. supporting    C. buried         D. located 

5. A. warned         B. told         C. reminded       D. informed  

6. A. put            B. lay          C. set             D. get

7. A. persuade       B. stop        C. keep           D. submit

8. A. insisted on      B. hold out      C. carry out       D. keep up

9. A. searched       B. thought          C. discovered     D. caught

10. A. Shaking      B. Putting            C. Feeling       D. Holding 

11. A. laugh         B. weep              C. appreciate      D. touch

12. A. long          B. apparently          C. immediately    D. later

13. A. changeable    B. disappointing        C. mad            D. wrong

14. A. As           B. Once               C. While         D. Since

15. A. glad          B. angry              C. shocked        D. frightened 

16. A. rushed        B. shouted             C. waited         D. gathered

17. A. noticed       B. found              C. expected        D. understood

18. A. check on      B. check in            C. check out        D. check through 

19. A. escaped       B. walked             C. fled             D. hurried

20. A. attribute      B. take                C. pay             D. display 

问答题