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何谓结核菌素试验?有何意义?

答案

参考答案：

结核菌素试验是应用结核菌素进行皮肤试验，测定机体对结核杆菌是否有超敏反应的一种体内试验方法。常将OT或PPD用无菌生理盐水稀释成不同浓度，取0．1mL，注射于前臂掌侧皮内，48～72小时后检查反应情况，注射部位如出现大于5mm的红肿硬结为阳性，硬结直径小于5mm为阴性。阳性反应表明已感染过结核菌，但不一定有结核病。接种过卡介苗的人也呈阳性。阴性反应表明未感染过结核菌，但以下情况也可能出现阴性反应：①感染初期；②患严重的结核病，细胞免疫功能低下；③使用免疫抑制剂，免疫功能受抑；④老年体弱者；⑤某些严重性疾病，如糖尿病、癌症等。

选择题

Pollution is a serious problem. Scientists have _____ some good ways to save it.

A．come up with

B．come on

C．come out

D．come up
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问答题

Part 1


·Read the following passages, eight sentences have been removed from the article.
·Choose.from the sentences A-H the one which fits each gap.
·For each gap (1-8) mark one letter (A-H) on the Answer Sheet.
·Do not mark any letter twice.
Today’s career assumptions are you can get a lot of development, challenge and job satisfaction and not necessarily be in a management role.
A new malady is running rampantly in corporate America: management phobia. (1)
" I hated all the meetings," says a 10-year award-winning manager, "and I found the more you did for people who worked for you, the more they expected." (2)
With technology changing in a wink, you can never slack off these days if you’re on the technical side. (3)
In addition, the Dilbert factor is at work. With Scott Adams’s popular cartoon character— as well as many television sitcoms — routinely portraying managers as morons or enemies, they just don’t get much respect anymore.
Supervising others was always a tough task, but in the past that stress was offset by hopes for career mobility and financial rewards. (4)
But in today’s global, more competitive arena, a manager sits on an insecure perch. (5) There are far fewer rungs on the corporate ladder for managers to climb. In addition, managerial jobs demand more hours and headaches than ever before but offer slim, if any, financial paybacks and perks.
Furthermore, managers now must supervise many people who are spread over different locations, even over different continents. (6)
In an age of entrepreneurship, when the most praised people in business are those launching something new, management seems like an invisible, thankless role. (7)
Management layoffs have done much to erode interest in managerial jobs, of course. (8)
A. Many people don’t want to be a manager — and many people who are managers are, frankly, itching to jump off the management track — or have already.
B. It’s a rare person who can manage to keep up on the technical side and handle a management job, too.
C. Restructuring have eliminated layer after layer of management as companies came to view their organizations as collections of competencies rather than hierarchies.
D. They must manage across functions with, say, design, finance, marketing and technical people reporting to them.
E. I was a counselor, motivator, financial adviser and psychologist.
F. Employers are looking for people who can do things, not for people who make other people do things.
G. American Management Association surveys say three middle managers are laid off for every one being hired.
H. Along with a sizable pay raise, people chosen as managers would begin a nearly automatic climb up the career ladder to lucrative executive perks: stock options, company cars, club memberships, plus the key to the executive washroom.
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