问题 单项选择题

案例六:


一般资料:求助者,女性,27岁,公司职员。
案例介绍:求助者不合群,经常和父母、同事、客户发生矛盾,人际关系紧张。最近又因琐事与同事发生矛盾,很生气,也为此痛苦,主动来心理咨询。
下面是心理咨询师与求助者的一段咨询谈话。
心理咨询师:你认为你生气的原因是什么
求助者:主要是和同事搞不好关系,有些人总爱挑我的毛病,我比较能干,在公司的业
绩不错,别人嫉妒我,就常常因为一些小事和我过不去。
心理咨询师:是别人挑你的毛病造成你生气吗
求助者:那当然是,如果别人不挑我的毛病,我怎么会生气
心理咨询师:我们来看一个例子,假若某一天,你在咖啡店里喝咖啡,这时走过来一个人把你的咖啡碰洒了,你会怎样想
求助者:我会很生气,这个人怎么这样不小心。
心理咨询师:但如果你知道他是个盲人,你又会怎样呢
求助者:盲人啊……盲人是看不见的,我想我会原谅他。
心理咨询师:你看,咖啡洒了无论什么原因它就是一件事,但由于不同的认知结果,就会产生不同的情绪。所以,对事物的认知,才是引起情绪的真正原因。
求助者:是这样吗(沉默)你说的好像有道理。
心理咨询师:人对生活中发生的事件都会有些看法,有的是合理的,有的是不合理的,不同的认识会导致不同的情绪状态。如果你认识到自己现在的情绪状态是一些不合理的认知所造成的,通过改变它你就能控制自己的情绪。
求助者:真会这样吗
心理咨询师:你遇到的那些事,别人也可能遇到,但别人不一定都像你现在这样子,你说这是怎么回事
求助者:你是说我和他们的认识不一样吗可我还没看出我对别人挑我毛病的认识有哪些不合理的地方。
心理咨询师:这正是下一步要讨论的问题。你冷静地想一下,你和同事关系很紧张的原因是什么
求助者:那些人总爱挑我的毛病。
心理咨询师:你不许人家挑你毛病的理由是什么呢
求助者:我工作做得好,客户多,他们凭什么挑我的毛病
心理咨询师:你可以希望别人不挑你的毛病,但你不能不许别人挑你的毛病。
求助者:对别人不能提出要求吗
心理咨询师:你可以对别人提出要求,但是你要求你对别人怎样,别人就应该对你怎样,这是一种不合理的信念,一种绝对化的要求,因为我们无法要求别人必须为我们做什么。如果我们把对别人的“要求”变成“希望”,当我们不希望的事发生时,最多是一种失望,不会过分地怨恨别人,自己也就不会生气了。
求助者:您讲得很对,但我担心自己做不到这点。您说这毛病能改吗
心理咨询师:你的问题是长期形成的,要想很快改变是困难的。但是只要在实践中不断改变,从一点一滴做起,出现反复不要灰心,贵在坚持,一定会达到理想效果的。

“是别人挑你的毛病造成你生气吗”,在这里心理咨询师使用了( )。

A.开放式提问

B.具体化技术

C.封闭式提问

D.摄入性谈话

答案

参考答案:C

解析: 咨询师的问题只需要求助者回答“是”或者“不是”,是封闭式提问。封闭式提问对回答的内容有一定限制,提问时,给对方一个框架,这样的提问能够让回答者按照指定的思路去回答问题,而不至于跑题。

阅读理解

阅读理解。

     For some people, it's easy to get dressed for work. Pilots and police officers, for example, don't have

to make decisions about their work clothes. They wear uniforms to work every day.

     For many office workers, however, it is more difficult to choose clothes for work. They do not wear

uniforms to the office. Also, many organizations are changing their dress codes. They are allowing their

employees (员工) to wear casual clothes to work. 

    The change to casual (随意的) work clothes began in the 1990s. At first, many companies (公司) in

the United States allowed employees to wear casual clothes on one day of the week - Friday. Friday became

"Casual Friday" or "Dress-down Friday". Today, however, many companies are allowing their employees

to wear casual clothes every day of the week.

     Why are companies allowing their employees to wear casual clothes? Some studies show that people

are producing and achieving more when they are wearing comfortable clothes. Some companies also like

the casual dress code because they don't need to buy special clothes for work. They can save money this

way.

     Unfortunately, a casual dress code can also cause problems. Sometimes employees dress too casually.

They think they can wear anything. Many companies have rules (要求) about casual clothes. They list the

kinds of clothes that are not "business-casual" clothes. Blue jeans, sandals, and sportswear are examples

of clothes that are usually too casual for the office.

1. What do pilots and police officers wear to work? [ ]

A. Casual clothes.

B. Sportswear.

C. Blue jeans.

D. Uniforms.

2. What does "a dress code" mean? [ ]

A. It tells what you can do and can't do.

B. It is a rule about what clothes to wear.

C. It saves a lot of money.

D. It shows you what to say at work.

3. "Dress-down Friday" is a day when employees are allowed to           . [ ]

A. eat delicious food

D. have smart uniforms on

C. wear casual clothes to work

D. work longer hours

4. Why do some companies agree to the casual dress code? [ ]

A. They don't need to buy special clothes for work.

B. It is difficult for them to choose clothes for work.

C. They don't like the same uniform.

D. It is easy for them to make decisions about work clothes.

5. What problems can a casual dress code cause according to the passage? [ ]

A. Employees seldom wear comfortable clothes.

B. Usually employees put on expensive clothing.

C. Employees always have too little on themselves.

D. Sometimes employees dress too casually.

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