问题 名词解释

哲学和科学的关系

答案

参考答案:

1、是对科学成果的反思,哲学以科学为基础,反过来又指导科学;但哲学对科学的指导,不是直接的,而是间接的,需要诸多中介才能完成。由于对这个世界本质和规律抽象概括的层次不同,哲学和具体科学的差别主要表现在层次的差别上。

2、在承认科学所做出的成果及其意义的同时,认为在哲学中还存在着科学无能为力的独特问题的领域,因而存在着与科学不同的独特的方法。认为哲学是与主体和价值问题相关的,是用基于感性知觉这种通常的科学方法不能处理的问题,只有他们才是哲学的中心课题。他们倾向与非理性和反科学主义。

3、批判性的考察科学所建立起来的前提和基础,把握科学的系统发育和个体发育,主要对科学的存在论和价值论的基础进行考察,通过这样的努力是哲学恰当的承担了现代和文明所提出的各种哲学问题,成为名副其实的本来意义上的哲学。

单项选择题

In the United States, the first day nursery was opened in 1854. Nurseries were established in various areas during the (91) half of the 19th century; most of (92) were charitable. Both in Europe and in the U. S. , the day-nursery movement received great (93) during the First World War, when (94) of manpower caused the industrial employment of unprecedented numbers of women. In some European countries nurseries were established (95) in munitions (军火)plants, under direct government sponsorship. (96) the number of nurseries in the U.S. also rose (97) , this rise was accomplished without government aid of any kind. During the years following the First World War, (98) , Federal, State, and local governments gradually began to exercise a measure of control (99) the day nurseries by (100) them and by inspecting and regulating the conditions within the nurseries.
The (101) of the Second World War was quickly followed by an increase in the number of day nurseries in almost all countries, as women were (102) called upon to replace men in the factories. On this (103) the U. S. government immediately came to the support of the nursery schools, (104) $6,000,000 in July, 1942, for a nursery school program for the children of working mothers. Many States and local communities (105) this Federal aid. By the end of the war, in August, 1945, more than 100,000 children were being cared (106) in day-care centers receiving Federal (107) Soon afterward, the Federal government (108) cut down its expenditures for this purpose and later (109) them, causing a sharp drop in the number of nursery schools in operation. However, the expectation that most employed mothers would leave their (110) at the end of the war was only partly fulfilled.

A.pensions

B.subsidies

C.revenues

D.budgets

单项选择题 A1/A2型题