问题 问答题 简答题

油脂的同质多晶现象在食品加工中的应用。

答案

参考答案:

(1)用棉子油生产色拉油时,要进行冬化以除去高熔点的固体脂这个工艺要求冷却速度要缓慢,以便有足够的晶体形成时间,产生粗大的β型结晶,以利于过滤。

(2)人造奶油要有良好的涂布性和口感,这就要求人造奶油的晶型为细腻的β´型。在生产上可以使油脂先经过急冷形成ɑ型晶体,然后再保持在略高的温度继续冷却,使之转化为熔点较高β´型结晶。

(3)巧克力要求熔点在35℃左右,能够在口腔中融化而且不产生油腻感,同时表面要光滑,晶体颗粒不能太粗大。在生产上通过精确的控制可可脂的结晶温度和速度来得到稳定的复合要求的β型结晶。具体做法是,把可可脂加热到55℃以上使它熔化,再缓慢冷却,在29℃停止冷却,然后加热到32℃,使β型以外的晶体熔化。多次进行29℃冷却和33℃加热,最终使可可脂完全转化成β型结晶。

阅读理解

Who is the greatest teacher in Chinese history? You can’t think of anyone else when you hear people read Confucius’ 2,500–year–old words: “All study but no thinking makes people puzzled. All think but no study makes people lazy. ”

September 28th was Confucius’ birthday. He was born in the Kingdom of Lu(鲁国), in today’s Shandong Province. Chinese look upon Confucius as the greatest thinker and also the greatest teacher. He had about 3,000 students. For more than 2,500 years, Confucius’ ideas have been around in people’s everyday lives. Now they have gone far into Western countries and South Asia. People can still hear them today.

Why are his ideas so popular? They help not only in everyday life but also in society(社会). Confucius’ most important ideas are kindness and good manners. Confucius said young people should take care of the old. People should give up thinking of themselves and work for others. As a great teacher, Confucius said that all should go to school if they wanted to learn.

Some of Confucius’ popular words are “A kind person should care others” and “Be strict with yourself, but be kind to others.” People use his ideas to help themselves and society. Now, more than 100 internet web sites are teaching people about Confucius and his ideas.

“Kindness and honesty are the best values(价值) of the world today, ” said 79–year–old Kong Fanjin who is studying Confucius.

小题1:Confucius was     .

A.born on September 28th, 3000 years ago

B.born in the in the Kingdom of Chu

C.taught students in today’s Shandong Province

D.not only a greatest teacher but also a greatest thinker小题2:Why are Confucius’ ideas so popular?

A.They are about money and power.

B.They help people themselves and the society.

C.They are about different customs and manners.

D.They only help people deal with everyday life.小题3:The underline word “them” in the second paragraph refers to     .

A.the greatest teacher and thinker

B.Confucius’ students

C.people in Western countries and South Asia

D.Confucius’ ideas小题4:Which of the following is NOT Confucius’ idea?

A.People should get education.

B.The young should take care of the old.

C.Be strict with others, but be kind to yourself.

D.All thinking but no study makes people lazy.

单项选择题