问题 问答题

阅读下面的文字,完成19—22题。    浣花草堂    黄裳   到四川来以前,在行筐里放进了几册旧书,其中清初朱鹤龄的《杜诗辑注》是部头最大的。虽然觉得有些累赘,可是终于还是放进去了。半月以来,枕上灯前,有时间就拿来翻翻,真也给旅途平添了无限趣味。尽管已经是平日熟读了的,可是在蜀道上重读,就会给你带来更为新鲜的感受。诗人的写景抒情、用字遣词,有时候也只有面对真实的山川风物才体会得出那严肃的创作态度和可贵的才华。   杜甫在成都住过一段不短的时间,在集子里留下了四五卷诗,约占他全部留下来的作品的六分之一。人们就从她的诗里追寻他当日居住的草堂的遗址。从宋代开始,人们就在成都西郊为他建了一座祠堂,这就是“浣花草堂”。历代经过十次以上大小的修缮,直到今天,更修整得焕然一新,成为游赏的登临胜地。   走出西郊,经过青羊宫、百花潭,沿着公路走去,二三里后更左折走上一条田间小径,就可以远远望见一丛浓绿,那就是草堂的所在了。   这里有好大的一座庭院,四面是连绵不断的围墙,远远烧过去,才看得见那山门。走进去又是照例的几重佛殿,伽蓝,天王,佛像,这些都给迫切想要看到工部祠的人们增添了焦急的心情。一直走到最后的一层大殿,才在一块石碑上看到,这原来是草堂寺,还不是草堂。   从大殿里出来,向和尚问了路,才从右面的一道侧门里穿出去,来到真正要拜谒的地方。从侧门出,迎面就可以看到用青花碎瓷片叠起来的“草堂”两个大字,再转过去,就是一条曲折的、为两堵矮矮的红墙围起来的夹道。那暗红色的夹墙,碎石的泥径,墙外的翠竹幽篁,幽静极了。古建筑里经常使用的这种暗红色,不知怎的,自然会产生那样庄严宁静的气韵。   从夹墙里穿出去,眼前展开了一个新的天地,几十棵参天的翠柏、香楠矗立在绿草如茵的庭院里。一套四座厅堂,由石径小桥连接起来,这就是草堂的一系列主要建筑了。   穿过花径,走到工部祠去。这是草堂几组厅堂的最后一座。小小的殿宇,前面的院子里散发着几株用石坛围起来的大树。洁净无尘。这时候,云影微破,秋天金黄色的太阳洒了下来,穿过翠柏的枝叶,留下了满庭稀疏的日影。   走进祠里去看,厅内一排三龛,当中塑着杜甫的像。虽然是一般化的塑像,却也还清疏,没有怎样的仙气,不能不说是难得的了。旁边两座龛里是陆游和黄庭坚两位宋代诗人的塑像。好像是怕他独居寂寞,所以才陪了一起在这里排排坐的。黄、陆都有石刻像,都比泥塑高明得多。在这间厅堂背后的墙上,还嵌着两块更旧的杜甫石刻画像碑。   草堂后身是一座小小的土山,一道溪水从草堂的右侧绕了出去。前面有回廊曲槛,可以凭栏欣赏池里的圆荷。草堂简朴却不失规模,给人一种清疏而幽峭的感觉,和杜甫当年居处的风格是近似的。这个新修缮的草堂,和几百年前重修的原样相去不远,在最外面一进过厅墙上有一块石刻旧图,看那里勾勒出来的轮廓,和今天是十分相近的。像这种地方,不用说,大红大绿的建筑,大屋顶之类的铺陈,都是完全不合适的。   这里还新修了一个文物陈列室。在外面的柱子上,看到郭沫若先生所题的一副对联:   世上疮痍,诗中圣哲   民间疾苦,笔底波澜   这是一副出色的对联,它概括了诗人伟大成就的主要方面。人们一直非常喜欢杜甫,说他的作品是“诗史”,在中国文学史上留给他一个最光辉的席位——诗圣。   坐在水槛上休息。默默地在心里复诵了一下杜甫的草堂诗,会使你像一个梦游者似的走入四时不同、风光各异的如许境界。仿佛看到了在晓雾里沾湿了露水的笼竹,呢喃的定巢燕子,冉冉发出幽香的红藻,往还追逐的蝴蝶,相并相亲的白鸥,随风的柳絮,逐水的桃花,袅袅有如少女腰肢的垂柳,轻得只禁受得起两三个人的野渡,柴门月色,江路梅香……   老杜是一个多么勤恳的诗人!他从不放过一切刻画现实的机会。他的诗里有丰富的人民生活的写照,可是也不缺乏自然风物的描写。因为这一切都出现在祖国的土地上,也都是诗人所挚爱的。杜甫写出了多么美好的自然景色,多么可爱的和平环境!可有人提到杜甫描写自然的草堂诗,总不免有些惴惴然,仿佛这些诗里的“人民性”总看不太清楚,这恰恰把诗人的伟大处缩小了。    一九五六年十月十五日,成都 (选自《黄裳散文选集》,有删改)

理解文中划线句子的含意。(4分)(1)虽然是一般化的塑像,却也还清疏,没有怎样的仙气,不能不说是难得的了。(2分)(2)默默地在心里复诵了一下杜甫的草堂诗,会使你像一个梦游者似的走入四时不同、风光各异的如许境界。(2分)

答案

参考答案:

(A)①塑像虽然艺术水平一般,但还是清疏的,没有把杜甫仙化,②能够表现诗人本色,这是值得肯定的。    (B)①作者将自己复诵草堂诗比喻成“梦游”,写出了作者沉迷于草堂诗意境中的情态,②凸现了杜诗中描写自然风物诗歌的意境之美.表现作者对杜诗的新感受。

阅读理解

阅读理解。

     An overweight, middle-aged man lies dead on a trolley, with a woman weeping over his body. The

body's cold hand still grasps a half-eaten McDonald's hamburger. American doctors' TV ad features the

image which weakens the slightest of appetites and the line "I was lovin' it".

     The hard-hitting US television commercial supported by a Washington-based medical group has angered

McDonald's by taking an unusually direct shot at the world's biggest fast-food chain this week. The line is

a twist on McDonald's long-standing advertising slogan, "I'm lovin' it" and a voice-over intones, "High

cholesterol, high blood pressure, heart attacks. Tonight, make it vegetarian."

     The commercial, funded by the Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine (PCRM), goes further

than most non-profit advertising and has drawn an angry reaction from both the Chicago-based hamburger

multinational and the broader restaurant industry.

     The National Restaurant Association criticized it as "irresponsible" and said it was an attempt to scare the

public with a "limited" view of nutrition. A McDonald's spokesman said,"This commercial is unbearable,

misleading and unfair to all consumers. McDonald's trusts our customers to make food and lifestyle choices

that are right for them."

     The commercial, to be aired at the beginning in the Washington area but potentially in further US cities,

comes amid an increasingly lively debate in the US about healthy eating. The first lady, Michelle Obama, has

made nutrition a signature issue and is leading a campaign to encourage physical fitness and improved diets-

particularly among American children, a third of whom are overweight.

     The economic decline has hardly helped the healthy eating cause. McDonald's has enjoyed a relatively

prosperous financial crisis as diners choose its affordable offerings in place of more expensive high-street

restaurants. Its global profits for the six months to June were up 12% to $ 2.3 billion, powered by sales rises

both in the United States and Britain.

     The PCRM's director of nutrition education, Susan Levin, made no apologies for singling out the golden

arches (拱门):"McDonald's is one of the biggest fast-food chains in the world. Its name and its golden arches

are instantly recognizable. We feel we're making a point about all fast food when we talk about McDonald's."

1. The ad-maker makes a change in the McDonald's slogan _____.

A. to warn people of risk of eating fast food

B. to convince people of cause of the death

C. to remind people of the man's preference

D. to accuse McDonald's of the murder

2. The goal of this passage is to tell us that _____.

A. the TV commercial goes too far

B. people enjoy eating fast food for its taste

C. Michelle Obama's campaign doesn't work

D. McDonald's provides unhealthy food

3. The underlined words "the golden arches" in the last paragraph refers to _____.

A. the line

B. the ad

C. McDonald's

D. fast food

4. What is the theme of the passage?

A. A fierce debate about healthy eating

B. McDonald's targeted in US health ad

C. N US health ad advocates healthy life

D. Say goodbye to McDonald's right now

名词解释