问题 问答题 简答题

明代家具的制作特点和艺术风格

答案

参考答案:

明代是中国古典家具发展的黄金时代。

1、明代家具源于民间家具:它的做工精巧,采用硬木,以黄花梨、紫檀木最为常见;

2、结构方面采用小构建拼接,使用榫卯;

3、造型上注重功能的合理性与多样性,既符合人体生理特点,又富有典雅之美,使艺术和实用相结合;

4、名家具极少髹漆,也没有过多的装饰,突出木色纹理,体现材质美,形成清新雅致、明快简洁的风格。具有这种特色的家具称为“明式家具”;

5、明式家具的种类很多,可分为椅凳,几案,箱柜,床塌,台架,屏座等6大类;

6、明式家具在于它独特的艺术风格,可用简(造型简练)、厚(敦厚有分量,庄重大方)、精(做工精巧)、雅(典雅)四字概括;

7、在制作上,表现出了以下几个方面的特点:①意匠美②材料美③结构美④工巧美。

总之,明式家具是我国古代家具的典范,是环境艺术中园林和室内陈设的精华。

阅读理解

阅读理解。

     For the people living in the Nile Basin, the river is their life. This 6 825 km waterway, whose watershed

(流域) covers three million square kilometers, flows through mountains, woodlands, lakes and deserts. Its

potential for fishing, tourism and shipping is great-but so are its challenges.

     Water shortage already serious in Egypt and Sudan, will soon influence several other countries in the

watershed as well. Today, about 160 million people depend on the Nile River for their living. Within the next

25 years, the district's population is expected to double, adding to the demand brought about by growth in

industry and agriculture. The frequent drought (干旱) adds to the urgency.

     Water quality is also a problem Precious soil is washed out to sea. Wastes from industry and agriculture

create pollution. Higher concentrations of salt influence irrigated soils. Water-borne diseases continue

unchecked. In areas where it's hot and damp, water hyacinths choke off lakes, dams and other sections of

the river, making it difficult for fishing and other businesses to move forward.

     Native people along the narrow area of farmland have watched the sand move closer day by day. They've

seen the river change course, and their only source (来源) of water thickened with mud. They're very poor

and have few choices.

     But a new program, the Nile Basin Initiative (NBI), is offering very practical assistance. The program is

more than just a water-management project. It's a plan for the social and economic development of a vast

district: it concentrates on the needs of the poorest of the poor and the environment that supports them.

     These are whole ecosystem problems, calling for united solutions (解决办法). Half the Nile Basin's

countries are among the world's poorest nations; yet, somehow, they must find the resources, skills and

political will to overcome these challenges.

1. What are the great challenges the Nile Basin faces? [ ]

A. The development of shipping industry.

B. Overfishing of native people.

C. Water shortage and water quality.

D. Increasing population and tourism.

2. The underlined word "hyacinths" (in Paragraph 3) refers to "_____". [ ]

A. animals

B. plants

C. rocks

D. salts

3. The program NBI is mainly aimed at _____. [ ]

A. preventing water pollution

B. changing the river course

C. improving living conditions of the poor

D. preventing land from becoming desert

4. What would be the best title of this passage? [ ]

A. People's Life in Egypt and Sudan

B. Frequent Drought in Egypt and Sudan

C. The Poorest Countries in the Nile Basin

D. The Ecosystem Problems in the Nile Basin

单项选择题