问题 单项选择题

Every day of our lives we are in danger of instant death from small high-speed missiles from space—the lumps of rocky or metallic debris which continuously bombard the Earth. The chances of anyone actually being hit, however, are very low, although there are recorded instances of "stones from the sky" hurting people, and numerous accounts of damage to buildings and other objects. At night this extraterrestrial material can be seen as "fireballs" or "shooting stars", burning their way through our atmosphere. Most, on reaching our atmosphere, become completely vaporised.

The height above ground at which these objects become sufficiently heated to be visible is estimated to be about 60-100 miles. Meteorites that have fallen on buildings have sometimes ended their long lonely space voyage incongruously under beds, inside flower pots or even, in the case of one that landed on a hotel in North Wales, within a chamber pot. Before the era of space exploration it was confidently predicted that neither men nor space vehicles would survive for long outside the protective blanket of the Earth’s atmosphere. It was, thought that once in space they would be seriously damaged as a result of the incessant downpour of meteorites falling towards our planet at the rate of many millions every day. Even the first satellites showed that the danger from meteorites had been greatly overestimated by the pessimists, but although it has not happened yet, it is certain that one day a spacecraft will be badly damaged by a meteorite.

The greatest single potential danger to life on Earth undoubtedly comes from outside our planet. Collision with another astronomical body of any size or with a "black hole" could completely destroy the Earth almost instantly.

Near misses of bodies larger than or comparable in size to our own planet could be equally disastrous to mankind as they might still result in total or partial disruption. If the velocity of impact were high, collision with even quite small extraterrestrial bodies might cause catastrophic damage to the Earth’s atmosphere, oceans and outer crust and thus produce results inimical to life as we know it. The probability of collision with a large astronomical body from outside our Solar System is extremely low, possibly less than once in the lifetime of an average star. We know, however, that our galaxy contains great interstellar dust clouds and some astronomers have suggested that there might also be immense streams of meteorite matter in space that the Solar system may occasionally encounter. Even if we disregard this possibility, our own Solar system itself contains a great number of small astronomical bodies, such as the minor planets or asteroids and the comets, some with eccentric orbits that occasionally bring them close to the Earth’s path.

According to the passage, which of the following statements is true?()

A.Our galaxy contains great interstellar dust clouds.

B.Near misses of bodies smaller than our own planet could be disastrous.

C.The probability of collision with a large astronomical body is very high.

D.The chances of anyone actually being hit by missiles are very high.

答案

参考答案:A

解析:

这是一个全文细节题。所谓全文细节题就是需要考生在仔细阅读全文找到关键句子之后才能回答,有时还没有具体的关键句子,需要自己通过整篇文章的阅读理解才能判断哪个是正确的。做这类题型可以用排除法。B错因为不是比自己星球更小,而是更大或者一样大。C和D都是几率很小,不是很大。故选A。

阅读理解与欣赏

阅读下面的文字,完成15~17题。

历史不可娱乐化

仲言

  ①近些年,历史类的图书和影视剧迅速蹿红。先是由名著改编的历史剧热播,进而是宫廷戏、武打戏搬上荧屏,后来是历史类图书热销,再后来就是“百家讲坛”解读历史的学者备受追捧,居高的收视率、海量的印数和直线上升的知名度表明,“历史”似乎炙手可热。

  ②回望历史,鉴往知来,从先贤的成败得失和传统文化典籍中汲取历史的智慧和营养,无疑是一种理性的回归和历史的进步。然而,与历史热相伴的“娱乐化”倾向,需要引起高度关注。有人称孔子是“怀抱理想,在现实世界找不到精神家园”的“丧家狗”;有人推论李白是“大唐第一古惑仔”;有人把梁山泊义士比附成危害社会稳定的恐怖分子;有人笔下岳飞成了大宋 * * 臣,秦桧反成了忠相;有人从刘备无义、关公好色一路骂来,诸葛亮成为中国历史上“最虚伪的男人”;近期又有解梦派从《红楼梦》中“考证”出:“雍正皇帝是被曹雪芹毒杀的。”他们迎合某些猎奇的文化消费需求,打着学术的旗号,凭空臆想出一些阴暗、无稽、荒诞甚至情色的“历史”故事,用哗众取宠的惊人之语亵渎先贤,推翻历史定论,颠覆传统价值观念。

  ③对于历史事件和人物的评价,当然有个认识不断深化的过程,不同时期不同人群对同一事件做出不同评价也是正常的。然而,历史科学是人类在认识和改造世界过程中,创造和积累的实践经验、理论建树及思维方法的百科全书,被马克思、恩格斯称之为:“我们仅仅知道一门唯一的科学。”它只有从历史事实出发,才能从复杂进程中找到历史发展的规律,成为人类认识过去的镜鉴,走向未来的基石。历史题材创作固然可以宽松些,不必严格考证某些历史细节的真伪,但艺术的虚构也不能违背基本的历史史实,只能在尊重史实基础上寻找历史与艺术的契合点。

  ④梳理历史事件、臧否历史人物、阐释历史典籍,我们既不能因循守旧、泥古不化;也不能数典忘祖、妄自尊大,以无知的狂妄去妖魔化古人。应以历史唯物主义的理性精神,严肃、客观、公正地对待历史,审慎地鉴别史实、历史地评价古人、科学地阐发经典,所有的结论都要用史实说话,持之有据、言之有理,绝不能想当然地凭空捏造杜撰。要把握传统文化精髓要义,用创造性的艺术想象帮助人们恢复历史的记忆,丰富文化的积累,提供前行的借鉴,为博大精深的中 * * 优秀文化的继往开来开拓一方新的天地。

⑤历史走向大众,国学受到热捧,是我们继承优良传统的良好契机。但那些靠耸人听闻来扬名、谋私的手段,那些将严肃历史肆意娱乐化解读的做法,其结果只能败坏学风,误导受众,把方兴未艾的传统文化热引向歧路。历史和典籍当然要走向大众,但人文精神和道德底线必须坚守。任何媚俗化、低俗化、恶俗化地娱乐历史的行为都是要不得的,以钓名谋利为宗旨的商业炒作更应刹车。面对商品时代复杂多变的大众文化消费,真正有使命感的文化人,理应义不容辞地担当起历史的职责。

15.根据文意,下列说法不正确的两项是(   )(   )(5分)

A.近些年,从历史类的图书和影视剧迅速蹿红,到“百家讲坛”解读历史的学者备受追捧,既使某些文化人、媒体扬名谋利,也让“历史”似乎炙手可热。

B.作家学者打着学术的旗号,凭空臆想出一些阴暗、无稽、荒诞甚至色情的“历史”故事,是为了迎合许多人对历史文化强烈的需求。

C.题目“历史不可娱乐化”中的“娱乐化”是指那些靠耸人听闻来扬名谋私、将严肃历史肆意娱乐化解读的做法。

D.历史走向大众,国学受到热捧是我们继承优良传统的良好契机,任何娱乐历史和大众文化消费,都是要不得的。  E.真正有使命感的文化人,要坚守人文精神和道德底线,杜绝将历史肆意娱乐化,义不容辞地担当起历史的职责。

16.作者认为历史娱乐化有什么危害?请分点概述。(4分)

答:                                                                          

17.历史事件、人物的评价与历史题材的艺术创作是否相同?为什么?(3分)

答:                                                                          

单项选择题 案例分析题