问题 问答题 简答题

白酒中形成杂味的原因及其防止办法,请归纳出三种以上的杂味。

答案

参考答案:

1)、苦味。

白酒中糠醛、杂醇油、酪醇、丙烯醛等苦味物质含量过高,就会使白酒出现苦味。苦味主要来源于酵母和原料,也有工艺上的毛病。原辅料发霉,曲药和窖泥感染青霉,酒醅倒烧等都是造成苦味的原因。呈苦物质大多数来说都是高沸点物质,在基酒贮存过程中不易消失。所以消除或减轻苦味应从生产工艺上下功夫,防止酒苦的方法有:

①辅料的清蒸处理:加强辅料清蒸可以排除邪杂味,清蒸火力要大,时间要够。

②合理配料:严格把握曲药用量,必须保持酒醅中一定数量的蛋白质含量。

③控制杂菌:必须搞好环境卫生,减少杂菌污染。

④掌握好蒸馏:采取合理上甑,缓慢蒸馏,不但丰产丰收,还可以避免苦味物质及其它燥辣味进入酒中。

⑤不同酒的组合也可以减轻或消除白酒的苦味。

2)、臭味

白酒中的臭味主要由白酒中含有过量的硫化氢、硫醇、乙硫醚、丙烯醛、游离氨和丁酸、戊酸、乙酸及其酯类等,如微量丁酸乙酯有甜菠萝香,微辣微酸,但若含量过高,则会出现不愉快的汗臭味。又如硫化氢,本身呈臭鸡蛋,臭豆腐味,其阈值为0.18ug/L,极低,若白酒发酵中稍有不慎就会出现硫化氢的味道。防止白酒出现臭味的工艺措施有:

①控制蛋白质含量。白酒酿造过程中,若蛋白质不足,发酵不旺盛,白酒香味淡薄;若蛋白质过剩,则会使窖内酸度上升,在发酵过程中产生大量的杂醇油及硫化氢,酸过多,在蒸馏过程中会产生大量的硫化氢。因此,白酒生产中蛋白质过剩是有害无利的。

②加强工艺卫生。搞好卫生,防止杂菌的大量入侵是减少白酒臭味的有效方法,如果工艺卫生差,杂菌大量入侵,使酒醅生酸多,而有些杂菌,如嫌气硫化氢菌生产硫化氢能力很强,使酒醅又粘又臭,给酒带来极重的邪杂味。

③蒸馏方法正确。缓慢蒸馏,可以避免酒醅中的硫氨基酸在有机酸的影响下产生大量的硫化氢。

④合理贮存。由于硫化氢、丙烯醛、硫酸等臭味物质挥发性强,通过一定时间的贮存,可以使其挥发掉。

3)、酸味

白酒中有机酸含量过高,引起的异常味道。在工艺上一般是由于生产卫生条件差或配料淀粉浓度过高,蛋白质过多,下窖温度过高,曲子、酵母菌过多所致,一般来讲,防止白酒酸味应从工艺上着手。

①蛋白质切勿过剩。

②减少杂菌污染。

③严格入窖温度、酸度、淀粉浓度的管理;辅料用量切勿过大,摊凉时间切勿过长;滴窖时间要足够。

④保持一定的贮存期。

4)、涩味。

涩味是由于不协调的苦辣酸味共同组成的,白酒中呈涩味的主要物质有乳酸及其乙酯、单宁、糠醛、杂醇油。实践证明,凡是用曲量过大就容易使酒中出现涩味和苦味。防止白酒中出现涩味的技术措施有:

①降低白酒中乳酸和乳酸乙酯的含量。适当控制入池淀粉的含量(旺季18—20%,淡季16—18%),尽量降低入窖温度,控制用曲量,防止升温过猛,防止糖化和发酵不协调。

②降低酒内单宁的含量。

③严格工艺操作要求,减少糠醛和杂醇油的生成。

阅读理解
阅读下面短文,根据所读内容在表格中的空白处填入恰当的单词。注意:每个空格只填一个单词。
Time, a faithful company of our life, is a universal topic. People are always curious about what it is, how it travels and who it meets.
Stephen Hawking, one of the world’s smartest physicists, once said. “I’m fascinated by time.”
Many of us are, and the popularity of time travel novels, movies and TV series has proved that. After Palace and Startling by Each Step achieved astonishing ratings last year, Palace 2 aired on January 20, attracting time travel fans back to TV.
Woody Allen’s movie Midnight in Paris achieved great success. It was nominated for Best Picture, Directing, Original Screenplay and Art Direction for the 2012 Academy Awards.
Dream of heroism
Time travel TV series and movies connect both today and the past, thus offering room for imagination. Imagination creates a chance for the young to fulfill a dream that is hard to achieve in reality.
Chinese writer Xi Juan is a pioneer of time-travel stories in China. In 1993 she published a love story about a young woman time traveling to ancient times. The leading role’s modern personality and perception of love help her win the heart of a cool, handsome martial art master. Such a plot satisfies female fans’ love fantasy.
Starting from the late 1990s, novels about men traveling back to the past prevailed (盛行), with a Step into the Past as the most popular example. In these stories, the male leading roles accomplish great things with their modern skills and wisdom.
It is usually “a dream of heroism come true”, along with enviable romances.
Eye candy
“I’m hooked by the shows because they are characterized by dramatic and poetic love and have eye-pleasing actors,” Xia Xiaoyan, who works for a foreign-owned enterprise in Shanghai, explained her love for time travel TV series.
Her comment echoes a 2011 survey by Creat Marketing Research Co Ltd in China. When asked about what is so appealing about time travel TV series, 21 percent of respondents answered, “These attractive characters.”
A bigger reason behind the popularity of time travel stories, however, is the relaxation they offer, according to the survey.
Cai Yinong agrees. “Many people are facing tremendous pressure in their fast-paced lives, so this genre is more relaxing than other shows as it provides people with a terrific outlet to escape reality,” Cai told China Daily.
Cultural homesickness
“Which dynasty would you like to live in if you could travel to the past?” asked a survey launched by Shanghai University and Shanghai Social Sciences Association last December.
About 60 percent of the 2,543 respondents chose Tang Dynasty, while Qing Dynasty, and the Spring and Autumn and Warring States periods were the other top two destinations.
The survey results reflects people’s definition of the good days: prosperous economy and culture, steady society, fair and uncorrupted politics, and opening up to the outside world.
As for the movie Midnight in Paris, it features modernity versus cultural homesickness. The New York Times commented, “The past seems so much more vivid, more substantial, than the present. The good old days are so attractive because we were not around, however much we wish we were.”
Time  travel  wins  fans
Phenomenon
l Stephen Hawking shows great interest in 小题1:   _.
l People prefer 小题2:____ time travel movies and TV series.
l Woody Allen was 小题3:_______ in his time travel movie.
Reasons for its 小题4:___
Supporting details
Dream of
heroism
l Chances are offered for the young to fulfill 小题5:__________ hard to
l achieve in reality.
l Xi Juan’s 1993 love story小题6:_______ a young woman traveling to
l ancient times, which satisfies females fans.
l From the late 1990s, novels about 小题7:________ traveling back to
l the past became increasingly popular.
l The male leading role in A Step Into the Past travels back to the past
l to fulfill great things by using his 小题8:_______ skills and wisdom.
Eye candy
Attractive actors and travel stories make viewers under pressure
小题9:_________.
Cultural homesickness
Most respondents chose to live in a certain dynasty for:
l Prosperous economy and小题10:________;
l Steady society;
l Fair and uncorrupted politics;
l Opening up to the outside world.
多项选择题