问题 问答题

某中学召开领导班子会议,研究学校规章制度建设问题。党支部书记提出,根据依法治校的精神,对学校规章制度要进行全面修订,这次修订要求制定得严一点还是宽一点,请大家讨论,定个调子,让各部门根据这个调子对规章制度进行修订。

规章制度是严点好还是宽点好,大家议论纷纷。有人认为规章制度就是要从严、从细,越严越细越能堵塞漏洞。有人认为出问题就说这个制度有漏洞,不科学,规章制度靠人来操作,关键是人的素质问题,高素质的人就是没有制度约束,也不会出问题。制定制度要建立在对同志基本信任的基础上,并不是说制度越严越好,把什么都定的很死,不利于发挥责任人的作用,用给责任人一点负责的空间。双方争持不下。

以人性假设理论为依据,针对案例提出的问题,说明你的理解和看法。

答案

参考答案:(1)我们对这个案例进行分析,主要是要防止两方面的极端倾向,案例中提到的严和宽的问题。

(2)认为制定规章制度一定要从严从细,每件事都要做刚性的规定,并以处罚为主,这显然是经济人的假设,对学校教师是不适用的,也不符合学校的实际情况。

(3)另一种则认为人都是自觉的,制度可以宽泛,或者不要,人可以自行管理,这基本上是自我实现人性假设,这是理想化的。

(4)我们应该知道,经济人假设、社会人假设和自我实现人假设,虽然都有合理的一面,但并不适用于一切人。比较好的,接近我们现实的是复杂人性假设。学校的规章制度既要有刚性的一面,又要有其灵活性和弹性。大的原则是刚性的,在此基础上要有弹性。不要走两个极端。

选择题
单项选择题

Many theories concerning the causes of juvenile delinquency(crimes committed by young people) focus either on the individual or on society as the major contributing influence. Theories (91) on the individual suggest that children engage in criminal behavior (92) they were not sufficiently penalized for previous misdeeds or that they have learned criminal behavior through (93) with others. Theories focusing on the role of society suggest that children commit crimes in (94) to their failure to rise above their socioeconomic status, (95) as a rejection of middle, class values.
Most theories of juvenile delinquency have focused on children from disadvantaged families, (96) the fact that children from wealthy homes also commit crimes. The latter may commit crimes (97) lack of adequate parental control. All theories, however, are tentative and are (98) to criticism.
Changes in the social structure may indirectly (99) juvenile crime rates. For example, changes in the economy that (100) to fewer job opportunities for youth and rising unemployment (101) make gainful employment increasingly difficult to obtain. The resulting discontent may in (102) lead more youths into criminal behavior.
Families have also (103) changes these years. More families consist of one-parent households or two working parents; (104) , children are likely to have less supervision at home (105) was common in the traditional family (106) . This lack of parental supervision is thought to be an influence on juvenile crime rates. Other (107) causes of offensive acts include frustration or failure in school, the increased (108) of drugs and alcohol, and the growing (109) of child abuse and child neglect. All these conditions tend to increase the probability of a child committing a criminal act, (110) a direct causal relationship has not yet been established.

A.expense

B.restriction

C.allocation

D.availability