问题 问答题

12.阅读下面的文字,完成(1)~(4)题。(25分) 侯仁之:城市的知音①1932年,“一·二八淞沪抗战”以失败告终,20岁的侯仁之在苦闷中彷徨。弟弟侯硕之的一句话,让他下定决心放弃曾想从事的医学,投考历史专业。弟弟的那句话是:“学医,只能给个人看病。学历史,可给社会治病! ”这一年,侯仁之考取燕京大学历史专业。②1937年抗战爆发后北平沦陷,燕京大学成为沟通沦陷区、解放区和大后方的秘密通道。当时正在读研究生的侯仁之承担了将爱国学生送往解放区或大后方的工作。抗战胜利一年后,侯仁之前往英国利物浦大学求学。③在英国期间, 侯仁之逐渐接受了历史地理学的理念。他意识到,沿革地理存在明显的局限性。1949年,侯仁之学成归国,并将历史地理学引入中国。从此,一个新的、科学的历史地理学学科逐步建立,侯仁之成为公认的“中国历史地理学第一人”。④要搞好历史地理学的研究,大量的实地调查必不可少。在张家口考察期间,侯仁之发现一段长城与众不同。深感疑惑的侯仁之回来后立刻查资料,最终确认这是明后期沿着长城开设的“马市”。如今这种贸易已消失在历史中,但却由遗留的建筑记录下来。从此,他的研究兴趣由“历史”转向“地理”,而野外考察和考古研究,也成为贯穿他学术生涯的的重要内容。⑤1958年以后,侯仁之开始了沙漠研究。当时有人认为,沙漠地区不仅文献资料少,而且调查访问都很困难,难以开展历史地理研究。侯仁之反驳道:“必须勇敢打破旧传统,坚决走出小书房,跳出旧书堆。”此后数年,侯仁之多次奔赴西北沙漠进行考察。⑥1964年夏天,侯仁之在陕北榆林附近的沙漠考察统万城。统万城是5世纪一个少数民族小王朝的都城,已在沙漠中沉寂了千年。经过细致的调查研究,侯仁之得出结论,统万城的沙化,是人类不合理活动的结果。那时,人们普遍认为西北沙漠中很多古城被废弃是“大漠流沙”造成的,而侯仁之却证明,这是“肤浅的广为流传的错误观点”,人类活动才是造成沙化的主要原因。这直接为后来人们治理沙漠打下了认识基础,侯仁之也因此成为“沙漠历史地理研究的先驱”。⑦在这次考察中,侯仁之还纠正了一个普遍的说法:榆林三迁,即榆林因流沙侵袭而被迫三次南迁。侯仁之证实,榆林不仅没有三迁,反而在原址五次扩展。古城榆林终于明晰了自己的“身世”。⑧在学术生涯中,侯仁之梳理过脉络的城市有很多。承德、临淄、邯郸、芜湖、敦煌……在侯仁之的慧眼下,一个个城市的前世今生或者得以浮现,或者更加丰满。他对许多城市做了深入的研究,充满着热爱。对他而言,北京有着更重要的意义。侯仁之曾说:“我对北京,是知之愈深,爱之弥坚。”⑨侯仁之在北京定居60年,为北京倾注了大量心血。比如有800多年历史的卢沟桥在20世纪80年代还是进京要道。卡车、拖拉机往来穿梭,卢沟桥受损严重。侯仁之对此心急如焚。他写了《保护卢沟桥刻不容缓》一文,发表在《北京日报》上。6天后, 北京市政府决定,卢沟桥禁止机动车与兽力车通行。如今,经过多次整修的卢沟桥已经得到妥善保护。侯仁之最为人所知的壮举是保护莲花池。正是因为他的积极奔走,原本要建在莲花池上的北京西客站主楼东移了100米。“先有莲花池,后有北京城”,北京城的血脉得以保留。⑩当然,与他的研究相比,这些事还只能算作“信手为之”。在几十年的学术生涯里,他以历史地理学的眼光,解决了北京城市起源、城址转移、城市发展的特点及其客观规律等关键性问题。可以毫不夸张地说,如果没有侯仁之,人们就无法充分解读北京的厚重和韵味。 (摘编自高毅哲《侯仁之:城市的知音》)

(2)侯仁之被称为“城市的知音”,这在文中体现了哪些方面?请结合文本简要分析。(6分)

答案

参考答案:①作为一位历史地理学家,侯仁之对北京等城市充满热爱;②侯仁之对榆林、承德、北京等许多城市进行了深入的研究,发现了它们被埋没的历史;③侯仁之积极参与城市保护工作。

解析:【试题解析】试题分析:本题需要对全文进行梳理,然后分条列举,就可得到答案。归纳内容要点的方法:①找出相关的概括性语句。在具体的文章中,概括性的语句与具体的叙述描写或阐述是相互依存、相互作用的。②分析相关文字的层次,这是为了防止内容要点的遗漏。③提取精要,独立归纳,这是要求考生根据要求,认定范围、提取精要,用自己的语言进行归纳。

阅读理解

The Beets were a new couple (夫妇). The things in their rooms, such as the television, the computer, the fridge, furniture and so on, were all left by their parents. They only paid some money for their food and clothes. But they tried their best to save money. If they had something important to tell their friends, they always visited them instead of calling them.

One day, it was a quarter past nine. Mr. Beet didn’t come back. His wife was a little worried. The supper was cold and she had waited for two hours. She was sitting by the table in the dark room.

Suddenly the woman heard someone coming upstairs. It was her husband’s step. She hurried to open the door. In the dark she could hear his deep breathing(呼吸). As soon as he sat down, she turned on the light and found he looked very tired.

“Why do you come back so late, dear?” asked the woman. “Haven’t you caught a bus?”

“Yes, but I didn’t take it.” “Why not?”

“I ran after it so that I saved two dollars this evening.”

“That’s great!” the woman said happily. “Run after a taxi next time and you’ll save both more time and money.”

小题1:The supper was ready at       .

A.6:15

B.6:30

C.6:45

D.7:15小题2:Mrs. Beet sat in the dark because         .

A.she wanted to save money.

B.she didn’t like the bright light.

C.she was afraid to be seen.

D.she wanted to have a good rest.小题3:Mr. Beet went back          .

A.by taxi

B.by bus

C.on foot

D.by bike小题4:When Mr. Beet got home that evening,               .

A.his wife was angry with him

B.he was very tired

C.he was too hungry to say a word

D.his wife felt sorry小题5:Mrs. Beet hoped          .

A.her husband went home by bus the next time.

B.her husband could keep on doing exercise.

C.her husband could be stronger and stronger.

D.her husband could save more money and time.

问答题 简答题