问题 问答题

某企业生产苹果、桔子等不同风味的汽水产品。(生产加工工艺流程见图1)

汽水由水、糖、添加剂(苹果、桔子等香精)和二氧化碳等原料配制而成。

现该企业只将“5糖液杀菌”和“17充填封罐”两道工序列为关键控制点。

为什么说该企业在CCP的识别/确定上存在欠缺试增加应有的CCP,并从SSOP与HACCP关系的角度分析其出现欠缺的原因。

答案

参考答案:

CCPs只与显著食品安全危害的控制有关;

CCPs太多,资源过分分散可能更难实现有效的控制管理,

CCPs太少,导致非安全食品生产。

一个CCP可以控制多种或多个危害。

有些危害则需多个CCP来控制。

只要判定有显著危害,必须在某一步设CCP来控制。

CCP不一定设在发生显著危害的环节,有可能在以后工序的某一点或某几点来控制;

如果在本步可以控制,则本步为CCP;

如果不在本步控制,只要后面工序能控制亦可;

如果哪一步也不能控制,则需要修改工艺流程或产品。

HACCP计划的监控对象是关键控制点(CCP),一个受控制的加工步骤,其作用是预防、消除某个食品安全危害或将其降低到可接受水平;

SSOP是企业为了保持良好的卫生状况而制定的操作程序,一般针对某个加工设施或某个加工区域有关,不仅限于某个特定的加工步骤或CCP点。

SSOP是HACCP的支撑程序和基础之一。

差别:

当已识别的危害与产品本身或某个单独的加工步骤有关时,一般由HACCP计划来控制;

当识别的危害只与环境或人员有关时,一般由SSOP来控制。

有时同一个危害可能由HACCP计划和SSOP共同控制,如HACCP计划控制病菌的杀灭,SSOP控制病菌的再污染等。

阅读理解

第二部分阅读理解(共20小题;每小题2分,满分40分)

阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

A

When I was still a student, I found it hard to get back on track with school after the holiday break ended. Fortunately, I could also make up for late homework. But as a working professional, I no longer have that luxury — any delay or mistakes in my work caused by a holiday hangover may end up being costly. The good news is that with a simple strategy in place, it won’t take much effort to return to your normal productivity level.

Plan your post-holiday work schedule even before the holiday begins. This is the primary reason why I easily got back to my regular workload. As soon as the holiday was over, all I had to do was look at the schedule I prepared two weeks earlier to see what I needed to do. Without it, I would have probably spent a day or two regrouping.

I have to admit that it’s wise to work a little during the holidays. If you feel that’s being too much of a killjoy, choose to work on light tasks — perhaps checking your mail or brainstorming. The point is to avoid work being overwhelming after the holidays. It doesn’t mean you’ll get up in the middle of a family gathering and start typing away in your laptop. Make yourself part of the festivities, only get some work done during times when less is happening.

Stick with your normal body clock. Many people feel tired post-holidays because their body clocks have adjusted to a later waking-up time. If this has happened to you, make sure to try and reset your body clock back to suit your ideal sleeping hours before the regular workweek starts.

It’s important to relax. I know some people who actually spend the holidays being completely stressed out preparing gifts and celebrations. The irony is, they don’t end up enjoying their supposed “vacation time” from work. Avoid falling into that trap and catch up on your sleep.

56. How many tips does the author mention in this passage?

A. 2.                            B. 3.                                   C. 4.                                   D. 5.

57. What’s the main idea of the third paragraph?

A. Do some light work while you enjoy your holidays.

B. Too much work during the holidays is a killjoy.

C. Make yourself part of the festivities.

D. Don’t forget your mail during your holidays.

58. According to the passage, some people feel tired after the holiday because they       .

A. work too much during the holidays

B. disturb their normal body clock

C. don’t have enough sleep during the holidays

D. always have more work to do than usual

59. We may learn from the passage that        .

A. the author is a student on his holiday

B. the author always ruins his work after-holiday

C. it’s important to pre-plan the work schedule

D. holidays are usually bad for regular work

60. What’s the best title of the passage?

A. Plan Your Holidays Wisely

B. Work Hard after Your Holidays

C. After-holiday Work Is Overwhelming

D. How to Avoid After-holiday Tiredness

多项选择题