问题 问答题

思维定势总是阻碍问题的有效解决。

答案

参考答案:

解析:错误。 当新问题与原有问题的条件和解题要求基本相同时,定势能使人应用已掌握的方法迅速解决问题,减少探索过程,有利于问题解决。 当新问题与原有问题的条件和解题要求不相同时,定势使人习惯性地采取原先的方法去解决新问题,而不进行别的尝试,会阻碍问题解决。

[分析]: 本题旨在考查考生对思维定势与问题解决效率关系的掌握情况。有关问题解决的研究发现,思维定势是影响问题解决效率的重要因素之一。思维定势既有可能促进问题的解决,也有可能阻碍问题的解决,关键取决于导致个体形成思维定势的问题情境与新的问题情境的相似性。当新的问题情境与原有问题情境基本不变时,思维定势有助于问题解决效率的提高;当新的问题情境与原有问题情境变化很大时,思维定势则会导致问题解决效率的降低,甚至阻碍问题的解决。因此,思维定势阻碍问题的有效解决只是可能的情形之一,并不是两者关系的全部。

阅读理解

阅读理解。

     Do you still get free plastic bags from the supermarkets? Things have changed.

     China has banned (禁止) free plastic bags at shops and supermarkets, and people have to pay for using

plastic bags. The rule started on June 1. It came because our country tried to make litter less. Making

super-thin (超薄) plastic bags has also been banned. 

    The Chinese once used about 3,000,000,000 plastic shopping bags a day, and they have caused pollution

of the environment (环境污染). The bags have become a main cause of plastic pollution because they are

easy to break and people throw them away here and there. So the Chinese people are encouraged to bring

their own bags for shopping. 

    What kind of shopping bag is the best to bring? Some students in Chongqing have a good idea. They make

their own shopping bags. They use old clothes to make cloth bags (布袋), and send them to their parents as

presents. They also ask their parents and friends to use cloth bags instead of plastic ones. They think it is

their duty to protect (保护) the environment.

1. People in China have to _____ now. [ ]

A. throw plastic bags here and there

B. collect plastic bags in the street

C. pay for using plastic bags at shops and supermarkets

D. use free plastic bags at shops and supermarkets

2. China made this rule because plastic bags were bad for the _____.[ ]

A. environment

B. litter

C. shops

D. supermarkets

3. The Chinese people are encouraged to bring _____ for shopping. [ ]

A. no bags

B. free plastic bags

C. their own bags

D. super-thin plastic bags

4. Some students in Chongqing _____.[ ]

A. ask their parents to make cloth bags

B. make cloth bags themselves

C. pick up plastic bags everywhere

D. buy cloth bags for their parents

5. What's the main idea of this article (文章)? [ ]

A. Making super-thin plastic bags has been banned in China.

B. The bags have become a main cause of plastic pollution.

C. Some students in Chongqing begin to make their own shopping bags.

D. To protect the environment, free plastic bags have been banned in China.

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