问题 问答题

结合材料,回答问题:

材料1


中国哲学家提出“和而不同”、“执两用中”的解决矛盾的辩证方式,如“和实生物,同则不继”、“尚和去同”、“君子和而不同,小人同而不和”、“礼之用,和为贵”、“致中和”“执其两端,庸其中于民”即“执两用中”(庸即用),也就是“中和”、“中庸”之道。

材料2


近年来,中国在国内提出构建社会主义和谐社会,在国际上提出建设持久和平、共同繁荣的和谐世界的主张。
请运用马克思主义哲学的有关原理,结合材料回答问题:

中国提出这些主张的哲学依据。

答案

参考答案:和谐社会、和谐世界的哲学依据是矛盾的对立统一规律,特别是关于矛盾同一性的原理。对立统一规律即矛盾规律,是唯物辩证法的实质和核心。矛盾是指事物内部或事物之间的对立和统一及其关系。同一性和斗争性是矛盾的两种基本属性。矛盾的同一性或统一性是指矛盾着的对立面之间内在的、有机的、不可分割的联系,是矛盾双方相互吸引的性质和趋势,是事物的稳定、和谐状态。斗争性是指矛盾双方相互分离、相互排斥的性质和趋势。矛盾着的对立面又斗争、又同一,由此推动事物的发展。所谓矛盾是事物发展的动力,就是指矛盾的相对的同一性和绝对的斗争性相结合,构成事物发展的动力。
在矛盾推动事物发展中,矛盾的同一性和斗争性各有其作用。矛盾的同一性对于事物发展的作用主要是:①由于矛盾双方相互依存,矛盾双方互为存在的条件,矛盾双方可以利用对方的发展使自己获得发展;②由于矛盾双方相互包含,矛盾双方可以相互吸取有利于自身的因素而得到发展;③由于矛盾双方彼此相通,矛盾双方可以向着自己的对立面转化而得到发展,并规定着事物发展的方向。斗争性对于事物发展的作用主要是:①斗争推动矛盾双方力量对比发生变化,造成事物的量变;②斗争促使矛盾双方地位或性质转化,实现事物的质变。矛盾推动事物发展是矛盾的同一性和斗争性共同作用的结果。矛盾同一性所要求的统一体的稳定状态,是事物也是社会发展的前提和基础,在促进事物发展、特别是在构建和谐社会、和谐世界中,具有独特的重要作用。党中央提出的构建社会主义和谐社会和建设持久和平、共同繁荣的和谐世界的主张,是自觉利用矛盾同一性和斗争性动力作用的具体体现。

填空题

Why must we pay taxes The answer is that the government needs money for many things, for example, to pay its soldiers, sailors and airmen, to build roads, bridges, offices, schools, etc, and to buy goods from abroad ; and only the people of the country can supply the money. One of the most important taxes is income-tax which a person pays according to the amount of his income, whether he is a merchant, a doctor, a lawyer, a shopkeeper, a miner or anything else. This is called a "direct" tax, because it is paid in money directly to the government. Another tax is paid on goods such as watches, jewelry, new clothes, tobacco, wine, etc, when they are brought into a country. Such a tax is paid as part of the price of these goods if they are late sold in shops. We call it "indirect" tax, because it is paid indirectly through the shopkeepers. People usually complain about having to pay taxes, but they forget that the money is spent on things that they and their families need. We need policemen to catch thieves, to see that men obey the laws, to direct traffic, etc, and they must be paid what they earn; children need education, and there must be schools and teachers; we want our streets to be kept clean, and the wages of men who do this kind of work have to be paid. Above all, the country must always be ready to defend itself against attacking enemies, and we can’t have an army without paying for it. Besides, if a country wants to develop, there are many other things to do... Taxes, therefore, cannot be avoided. We buy our food and clothes and pay for our amusements; but, there are several things that the State finds the money for, and that is necessary for us if our society is to continue. We have no real reason to complain, therefore, when we are asked to supply money to be spent for the good of ourselves and for our fellow-citizens.

Title: (46)
Governments need (47)
for many things to do
  • a. (48) its soldiers, sailors and airmen
  • b. (49) roads, bridges, offices, schools, etc
  • c. (50) goods from abroad
Kinds of taxes and tax-payers a. (51) , which is paid by people whose income is over a certain amountb. (52) , which is paid through the shopkeepers
The function of tax Guarantee the (53) and the (54) of a country
(55) Taxes can not be avoided

判断题